New Issues during the Civil Rights Movements Essay

What sore consequences emerged for the well-be pay offd rights movement in the distri only whenor focus 1965-1970? How did fateful leadership respond to those reduces in antithetic ways? During the dot 1965-1970, new issues had emerged for the civilized rights movement, such as the question of whether Martin Luther Kings philosophy of non-violent tactics were similarly moderate and limited, privation and voting rights. During 1965 to 1970, black leaders responded to these issues in a number of ways. Responses to these issues included the forming of Black patriot pigeonholings, selectr registration campaigns and campaigns to get rid of poverty.An issue that emerged during 1965-1970 for the black civil rights movement was voting rights. Even though blacks had been given the right to vote since 1964, they often were frightened and intimidated by the whites if they went and voted. An example of this is with Fannie Ion Hamer. When Hamer came back from registering to vote, she was met by the admiter of the plantation where she and her husband had worked for 17 years and was told that she would either lead or withdraw her name from the electors roll. She left and that night 16 shots were laid-off at the house she and her husband were staying in.Blacks were forced to do literacy tests, which most failed, onwards they could become registered voters this was done to prevent the blacks from voting as they didnt get very intimately literacy skills. By 1965 very few blacks were motionlessness non enrolled for example in Selma and Alabama, where only 350 blacks were registered to vote. The voting had become a new issue because many a(prenominal) black civil rights leaders realized the logical implication of blacks voting to get their own people into positions of authority and create more(prenominal) progress for blacks in America.Another issue that emerged in the 1965-1970 for the black civil rights movement was the question whether Martin Luther Kings philosophy of non-violence stance was as well as moderate and limited. Martin Luther Kings tactics for making America blendd was wholly non-violence, for example sit-ins, marches, signs or refuses, boycotts, immunity rides and wait-ins. At first these tactics worked. The freedom rides actiond to desegregate bus terminals, issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The sit-ins worked because the protesters annoyed the whites, but not lavish for them to take violent action from the police.Bills and laws were being passed. In the 1963 Birmingham campaign led by Martin Luther King the sit-ins, boycotts and mass marches managed to desegregate Birmingham. But by 1966 Black Power emerged and was an alternative philosophy to non-violent protest that civil rights activists could use. To some black leaders the methods Martin Luther King had always seemed in addition fair and his aim of winning concessions from the white majority appe ared too inadequate. This was an issue to many blacks, because even though the non-violent methods worked most of the time, blacks were still getting beat for it and or even killed.The Black Power became a very good alternative because it united black people to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community. It was a call for black people to define their own goals, doing whatever is necessary to get what they need. The Black Power proved its point in the riots that emerged in Watts, Selma and Chicago, where blacks got what they wanted using means of violence. The riots showed that violence substructure be the answer too, the total opposite of Martin Luther Kings beliefs. poverty was another issue the civil rights movement had to face in the current 1965-1970.Poverty of blacks occurred because of blacks being denied skilled jobs that paid well, this led the blacks to not having enough money for education, housing and food supplies, which led to theft among their own people. Blacks in ghettos believed there was no point in going to school if in the end they werent to get any good, well paid jobs. Blacks put that there was no use in working if their jobs paid a little more than the Social Security payments for the unemployed. These beliefs created a cycle of poverty and that in order to change and progress further than they already are they needed to break that poverty cycle.This proved to be a bully challenge for conservative black groups and leaders but was one of the fundamental factors for the rise of nationalists groups. In response to the issue of voting rights, black leaders held many voter registration campaigns and demonstrations. An example was the Selma labour in 1965, which became a significant campaign. Marches from Selma to Montgomery, which had been banned by the Federal Court, was led by Martin Luther King. On one march the marchers were met by State Troops and so King led them in prayer and marched them back to Selma.This cost the conduct of many Kings younger supporte rs, but the Selma Campaign was still a success. This led to the introduction of the Voters Rights Bill, which ensured that obstruction to voting would be prevented and many more blacks were now enrolling. In response to the questioning of Martin Luther Kings non-violent methods, black leaders started to form nationalists groups which had more violent policies. For example, in 1966 the Black Panthers were formed. They called for the arming of blacks, to grant all blacks released from prison and for blacks to receive compensation for centuries of exploitation by whites.This group also used a lot of violence, but younger blacks open up this more appealing than Martin Luther Kings tactics, as they had more aggressive approaches and could relate to blacks who had grown up in the ghettos. Finally, in response to the issue of poverty, black leaders held campaigns for this problem too. During 1968, King organised the Poor Peoples Campaign. This was an attempt to bring together all of Ame ricas pathetic not just blacks and was obviously not fought along racial lines.This would commit been a great way to deal with the poverty of America because it would have brought together many different groups of people in order to achieve common goals. In conclusion during the civil rights movement in years 1965-1970, the new issues that emerged were voting rights, the question whether Martin Luther Kings tactics were too fair and limited and poverty. These issues were responded by the black leaders in different ways such as the forming of Black Nationalists groups, for example the Black Panthers, voter registration campaigns and campaigns to get rid of poverty.

Why to be a chemical engineer

An individual should dissipate on chemic targeting science science delinquent to requirement of diverse acquaintance, the endeavour to better them self, and to increase their capability. In the diverse knowledge column, there atomic number 18 a set of base standards one has to meet. To pitch for such a postgraduate paying and Incredible Job, the appli dejectiont must have a bachs degree In chemic engineering for entry-level masters or doctoral degree for advanced positions. (n. Page. With this education one must have, the applicant can really be a depend commensurate to the companys success and can be prone to raises, extra jobs and many opportunities to go deeper in their commercial enterprise. When preparing to look into truly becoming and pursuing the vocation of a chemical substance engineer, applicants are proficient under the studies and modern statistics round supply and demand of the telephone circuit Itself. On a Job surfacelook done by the Bureau of beat back Statistics, the statistics express, Demand for chemical engineers services depends largely on demand for the products of discordant manufacturing industries. (n. Page) To penetrate the demand and supply to a deeper extent, chemical engineering has a shining virtue in the statistics column, there is a 2% unemployment in the engineering fields, yet there are jobs that non taken. pig. 2) Also In the expression portion, advice along with a Job nonice states the following preparation for an applicant. Be prepared to represent In areas of combineed engineering where chemical engineering principles walk hand in hand with mechanical, civil, electrical, and/or industrial engineering.Be unstrained to diversify because you will excel. (pig. 2) Preparation for this Job is quite simple due to the consistent stated postulate of the job being blended and change with other engineering types. If an applicant should ever wonder why the occupation is blended, an actual account of a chemical efferent Job sectors that a chemical engineer can fit into. It is important to do your preparation and identify what your interests are up front. You can waste a electionle of time and effort if you are taking a shotgun approach.If you are interested in a true sector or a certain geographic area, youre better rack up to expend your energies on those Jobs. With the blend of other engineering occupations, the choice of chemical engineering could benefit a possible applicant by strengthening the weaknesses in commences of their knowledge that are lacking. This blend leads to discipline in the occupation to better the applicant. non single could this blend draw out discipline in the occupation, exclusively could likewise strengthen private and affable issues one could have.An engineer with personal go steady in these categories advices applicants by stating, Work with others it varies from Job to Job, probably from about a 3 Tao 10. Accept criticism. But this i s a life issue, not an engineering issue. (n. Page) With actual experience and not statistics with studies, this valuable advice could prepare an applicant to be disciplined in a different category than engineering itself, therefore, expanding their diversity of knowledge and interaction. These could truly be attributes an applicant would want to intrust even if they didnt decide to pursue chemical engineering.In chemical engineering, an applicant would not only want to submerse themselves in complete knowledge of chemical engineering, but similarly in learning qualifications that could get them noticed and hired. To be a chemical engineer, an applicant should not be only unassailable in the occupation itself, but also in their interaction and sociability. A chemical engineer informs a group of applicants by stating, A accord of my work is team-oriented. I work with a few other great deal and we all upend on each other to bring certain results or knowledge to the group as a wh ole so that we can accomplish our overall goal. (n. Page) By having interactive qualities, it is clear and also postulated that one cannot be an introverted person when looking to get hired. By actual accounts of a chemical engineer, he postulates and informs applicants that, All engineers must at some portend (if not nearly always) work as part of a group or team, and all engineers must be able to communicate the results of their work to their peers, supervisors, upper management, subordinates, and the outside world. You could have the most marvelous idea, but if you cant convince others of its merit, your idea will die on the vine. (n. Page. ) With the superfluity ideas and accounts of the social and interactive aspects, applicants most likely will look to purify on speaking or getting a certain point or idea across. More information and advice from a group of engineers concludes the interaction and speaking qualities by advising applicants, The key, which many engineers and scientists Just dont realize, is not to dazzle the hearing with technophobia, but to be as clear, concise, and to he point as possible. The hardest affair for many engineers to do is get to the point. This information and advice that is given could strike the relish to expand interactive qualities. Companies are not only looking for social and interactive people, but also responsible applicants. An account of an experienced chemical engineer gives his personal point of view by inferring, l would rely that I was hired because I tend to take on practically of responsibility. An applicant could have all the qualities required to be hired, except for the drawback of irresponsibility. spell an individual could be the ND with a high probability not want an irresponsible chemical engineer to be staffed with.If an applicant were to hunting for a generally high paying Job, they would most likely remark that outside of chemical engineering, requirements could possibly appear unreasona ble and very soaked to go through. On a Job that medians at $187,000 per year such as a medical examination doctor, the requirements would most likely be postulated to be longer, and to a greater extent rigorous than those of chemical engineering. Statistics and accounts done by Education door exemplify requirements of a medical doctor by dating, Completing a bachelors degree program is necessary to prepare prospective doctors to enter medical school. (n. Page. After accomplishing a bachelors degree, which takes 4 years of college, the savant must glide by to 4 years of medical school. The same education portal informs their audience, aesculapian school consists of four years of medical training and education The graduation ii years of a prospective doctors medical school experience are devoted to book study and laboratory work to prepare students for diagnosing and treating illnesses. During the second year of med school, dents take the first portion of the fall in State s Medical Licensing Examination, which is administered by the National Board of Medical Examiners. After these two years of rigorous training and examination, the portal informs students, During the last two years of medical school, students begin their clinical experience, going through rotations at clinics and hospitals. Students work under attending physicians to begin their practical training in medicine. (n. Page) In a total of 8 years of college, which could lead to financial fusss, the student would fill the requirements of being a medical doctor. If a graduated high school student were to pick to pursue chemical engineering, they have the possibleness and are potential differencely able to earn Just as more than with less requirements.A popular career guidance center informs students, A Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering is the most everyday entry- level requirement for Chemical Engineers. With only 4 years of college and only in the science portion, a chemical engineer has a potential to earn $1 1 5,000 or more (n. Page) per year. With this salary potential, gold spent on college and time is saved to better the encouragement in actually pursuing the occupation of chemical engineering. Leading up to this all-round(prenominal) occupation includes many opportunities for experience, life benefits, and a very comfortable potential salary.In the experience column, many encounters by actual chemical engineers advise students, shell out participating in an internship with an engineering firm while in college. approximately internships are part of a four-year degree program. It will offer you a chance to apply what you have learned in the classroom in an actual work situation and will give you the opportunity to electronic network with people in the field. (n. Page) With these benefits, dents have an opportunity to not go into their occupation completely blindfolded.A career guidance program infers why chemical engineers pick their occupation by inferring, They should enjoy making decisions and directing the work of others, as well as be willing to improve their knowledge and skills on an ongoing basis. With this demonstration that earned positive feedback, these potential encounters could give a chemical engineer the benefits of pursuing that occupation. Life benefits would also pursuing this occupation could potentially earn an engineer $1 1 5,000 or more with also a stated postulate informing applicants, it is not eccentric to have incomes ranging from $90,000 to $130,000 or more. (n. Page) This salary would not only draw out applicants who would desire money and being comfortable, but this comfortable living could also be tied in and related to life benefits and experience. To finish off the tied in topics, retirement would not be a problem financially if the certain engineer was responsible with their money. Responsibility was also an inference for qualities an applicant should have which was stated in earlier texts. Ranging from possible, achievable, comfortable, enjoyable, beneficial, and knowledgeably wide, the occupation of chemical engineering appears to be worth the time and money spent.Salaries tying in with comfortable living can keep a chemical engineer stress free to an extent, and with interaction within the Job itself, can potentially balance personal life, with its own occupation. An actual account of a chemical engineer concludes his interview by stating, l believe that a chemical engineer degree is great for dissonanting doors. This can be hold with due to all the benefits of pursuing the career of chemical engineering stated previously. As a Heimlich engineer himself said, this great and worth-while occupation has potential to open your doors.

From Julius Caesar to Hamlet Essay

The comparison between Shakespe ares Julius Caesar and crossroads in terms of how implied, or latent elements and themes in adept were transmitted and certain in the other nooky lead to unveiling the transformations Shakespeare was envisaging with the writing of settlement. In the Introduction to the 1987 Oxford University Press edition of Hamlet, G. R. Hibbard stated that Hamlet was written after, unless non long after, Julius Caesar, which andt end be dated with unusual accuracy as having been compose in the late summer of 1599 (4). From the billets that Hibbard gives to support his argument (that there are two allusions in the text of Hamlet to Julius Caesar) we can see the strong connections between the two plays.In a way, two Julius Caesar and Hamlet represent thresholds in the development of Shakespeares dramatic art. However, Hamlet moves in a different direction. If Julius Caesar is set in a unlike past and can notwithstanding hint to the forgivingist themes in Shakespeares world, Hamlet shifts the tone of Shakespeares plays to a more than private and Elizabethan center of interest. This newspaper publisher argues that the themes and motifs that were merely suggested or hinted to or implied in Julius Caesar and which were intricately developed in Hamlet are significant in determine the specificity of Shakespeares later historic tragedies. The analysis of devices, motifs and themes in the two plays go out illustrate this argument.The device of foreground processing is employed in Julius Caesar in the start act as a warning sign to Caesar from the Soothsayer. It is a lighten and unmistakable omen of Julius Caesars death, especially given the dramas historical grounding. This device is used in this play altogether to start the conflict the death of Caesar will generate the actual drama. Because of its lack of equivocalness and its limited dramatic span, the foreshadowing in Julius Caesar does not have the uniform impact as it does in Hamlet.In Hamlet, the device of foreshadowing becomes a trigger for the plays resolution and also represents the dramatic subtext which drives the safe and sound chain of events towards the tragic end. In Act 1 Scene 1, we envision the apparition of the signature of Hamlets father. This episode is marked by the use of special seery and allusions. Horatio gives the decisive argument in identifying the ghost with tthe murdered king. The ghost figure is clearly employed in this rootage act as a means of foreshadow ing not lonesome(prenominal) the conflict of the story but also its resolution This bodes some unconnected eruption to our state (The cataclysm of Hamlet 148).The image of Fortinbras is another sinister motif by which Shakespear alludes to the later developments in the play. Moreover, the reader is given a preliminary explanation of the Medieval code of honor, by which the kings son has to avenge his fathers death. The story of Fortinbras and his father parallels an d motivates the obscure relationship between Hamlet and his witness father. Duty is presented as a crucial motivation, which determines the heros actions and even consciousness.Another element which is only suggested in Julius Caesar is the characters ambivalence no character is essentially ugliness or bad. Brutus, before deciding to join the conspirators, condemns this actThey are the faction. O conspiracyShamest gibibyte to show thy dangerous brow by night,When evils are most free? O, then by dayWhere wilt thou find a cavern dark enough/ To mask thy grave visage?Seek none, conspiracy (Julius Caesar, Act 2 Scene 1).Brutus is so shown to have a moral conscience, a conscience dramatically and fatally opposing his actions. The paradox of a noble human beingss evil actions might find its explanation through an analysis of Hamlets soliloquy at the end of the first act.Hamlets soliloquy and decadency in the forth scene points to a specific image idea Shakespeare had about the hu man mind and behavior it appears that the seeds of evil can be ingrained in the most noble of spirits or, conversely, that uprightness can be the host of evil. This feature is presented in fatalistic and deterministic terms and becomes another motivation for the tragic resolutionSo, oft it chances in particular menThat for some vicious mole of nature in themAs, in their birth wherein they are not guilty Oft fracture down the pales and forts of reasonOr by some habit that also much oer-leavens Shall in the general censure take corruptionFrom that particular fault (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 181)The chain of events leading to the fatal coating is thus linked to the dictum of blind fate. By foregrounding the ambivalence of human nature, Shakespeare gives a more complex perspective on his characters motivational resorts and transcends the limitations of a whole good or a completely evil model.In another scene, the King admits to his having murdered Hamlets father. He is presented as h aving pangs of guilt May one be pardoned and observe thoffence? (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 273)O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven.It has the primal eldest horror upont A brothers murder. Pray can I not. (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 272).Cluadius questions show the character in a new, humanizing light, which eliminates the image of the uninspired villain.Many of the elements that are only latent, or implied, in Julius Caesar, are to be fully found in Hamlets soliloquies. The motif of Brutus suicide, for instance, which is not fully developed in the play, becomes one of the themes of reflection in Hamlets soliloquies. Hamlets considerations on suicide, on the other hand, clarify much on this theme. There are several acceptions which are discussed in the protagonists soliloquies and they are testimony to Shakespeares insight of the human mindFor who would bear the whips and scorns of time, To grunt and sweat under a grind life,But that the dread of something after death,The undis covered country, from whose bournNo traveler returns, puzzles the will. (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 240-241)Moreover, in another passage, Hamlet gives another interpretation of his own reluctance to commit suicide, which is presented in light of the protagonists affright of God and social statusThe oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely,The pangs of disprized love, the laws delay,The insolence of office, and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes, (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 240). Closely linked to this theme, there is the notion of the vanity of existence which is only implied in Julius Caesar through the foregrounding of the emperors rise and fall and in the parallels skeletal in this respect among Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Brutus. However, this theme is not fully problematized in the play probably because it does not come in agreement with the historical and philosophical repertoire of Ancient Rome.In Hamlet, however, this theme becomes predominant and one of the characters privileged objects of reflection. The What is a man soliloquy hints to the vanitas vanitatum of renascence and humanist philosophy of the finitude of man and of the ultimate insignificance of all earthborn possessions. Moreover, Hamlets soliloquy incorporates another one of the humanist concerns, which was that of the perfectibility of mans spirit and destiny through God-given language and thoughtWhat is a manIf his chief good and market of his timeBe but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more (The Tragedy of Hamlet, 298).To conclude, this paper has illustrated the ways in which themes and motifs which were latent in Julius Caesar are given protrusion in Hamlet, especially through the protagonists soliloquies. In a way, it is the very shift from the predominance of the oratorical speech and its dialogic character in Julius Caesar to the primacy of the soliloquy and its monological quality in Hamlet that provides the key for understanding the reasons piece of tail the am plification of devices and themes from one play to the other. With Hamlet, Shakespeares historical tragedies become more intimate and, at the same time, more openly philosophical and universal.

Assess The Level Of Anemia Health And Social Care Essay

This chapter discusses the findings of the descry derived from the descriptive and inferential statistics. The heap was conducted to visor the effectivity of important vulgaris rubra mush on anemia among teenager misss at selected schools, Salem.Description of the demographic variablesThe demographic variables were collected through organise Questionnaire and genus Anemia was assessed by Sahlis Hemoglobinometer graduated table. The decimal point of anaemia was assessed before and afterward government activity of beet make up mush.The query worker found that in observational assort, 19 ( 63.33 % ) were in the age base of 15 old ages and in master concourse 19 ( 63.33 % ) were in the age conference of 14 old ages. This survey was supported by, Thankachen et Al ( 2008 ) he did the survey to gage the prevalence of anaemia among stripling misss. In this survey 296 teen misss were mintvass amongst the age theme of 10-19 old ages and concluded that 60-70 % of ado lescent misss were anaemic between the age root word of 13 to 15 old ages.In data- found group 18 ( 60 % ) were analyzing in 10th monetary standard and in sustain group 15 ( 50 % ) were analyzing in 9th criterion.In data-based group, 23 ( 76.67 % ) non-vegetarian whereas in inhibit group 25 ( 83.33 % ) were non -vegetarian.In data-based group, 25 ( 83.33 ) were winning 3 generation nutrient per two dozen hours and in control group 25 ( 83.33 ) were taking 3 times nutrient per twenty-four hours.In experimental group 29 ( 96.67 % ) were taking jammed tiffin from place and in control group 30 ( 100 % ) all of them were taking jammed tiffin from place.In experimental group 22 ( 73.33 % ) had regular menstrual rhythm and in control group 22 ( 73.33 % ) had regular catamenial rhythm.In experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) had normal catamenial flow and in control group 9 ( 30 % ) had regular & A inordinate catamenial flow.The graduation aim of the survey was to measure the power poin t of anaemia among adolescent misssDuring pretest in the experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) samples had loony-mannered and train anaemia. In control group multitude of them 19 ( 63 % ) had mild-mannered anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia.During posttest in experimental group bulk of them 21 ( 70 % ) had mild anemia, 2 ( 6.66 ) had moderate anaemia and 7 ( 23.33 % ) had no anaemia. In control group bulk of them 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia.Rohini et al. , ( 2007 ) conducted survey to measure the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss in 16 slums at Pune. 1142 Adolescents were selected as samples. Data accretion was done based on bio physiological steps, dietetic history, morbidity history, anthropometrical steps, and ingestion of locally available Fe rich nutrients. The consequence showed that 1.3 % of misss were seriously anaemic and 58 % of misss were reasonably anaemic ( P & lt 0.01 ) in the survey population.The 2n d aim was to measure the effectivity of genus genus Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss in experimental group.In experimental group, the posttest average slit of anaemia was 10.53A0.65 and in control group the humble mark was 9.76A0.29. The t value was 5.31* which showed that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering the hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. Therefore venture H1 was hold at P & lt 0.05 degree.Fsaumi, ( 2003 ) conducted an experimental survey to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra juice on anaemia. The topics were 20 adolescent misss in the age group of 12- 16 old ages who were divided into two groups, 10 as experimental and 10 as control group. The misss of the experimental group were given nutritional adjunct Beta vulgaris rubra ( 50gm twenty-four hours ) for a period of 25 yearss and the control group was given placebo for the same period. Diet form was same for all the 20 topics. Conse quence showed that there was an addition in the serum haemoglobin degree ( 72 % ) and folic acid ( 68 % ) degree in the experimental group after the disposal of beetroot supplementation ( m=10.31, SD=1.32146 ) irrespective of their demographic variables and the obtained t value ( t = 9.39, P & lt 0.05 ) was important. It is concluded that the addition in serum haemoglobin degrees irrespective of their demographic variables in the experimental group as compared to command group was decidedly due to the consequence of Beta vulgaris rubra supplementation.The 3rd aim was to tie in the pretest tonss on anaemia among adolescent misss in experimental and control group with their selected background variables.In experimental and control group there was no association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected background variables at P & lt 0.05 degree.DrumheadThe treatment was made in this chapter based on the aims of the survey and its relation with similar surveies conduct ed by other research workers. all(a) the three aims have been obtained. The first formulated hypothesis was retained and 2nd hypothesis was rejected in this survey.CHAPTER-VISUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter consists of four subdivisions. In the first two subdivisions, the sum-up and the decision were presented. In the last two subdivisions, the deductions for nursing intention and the recommendations for farther research were presented.DrumheadThe intent of this survey was to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem.True experimental pretest and posttest design was chosen for this survey. 60 samples were selected ( 30 in experimental 30 in control group ) from Govt. High. School, Poolaveri and Govt. High. School, Veerapandi, Salem through systematic ergodic trying technique from which discipline was collected through demographic proforma and Sahlis Hemoglobinometer. The inform ation was analysed by utilizing descriptive and illative statistics. To prove the hypothesis, independent t running play and chi-square was used. The P & lt 0.05 degree of significance was used to prove the hypothesis.In pretest, in experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) had mild anaemia and 15 ( 50 % ) had moderate anaemia. In control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia.In posttest, in experimental group 21 ( 70 % ) had mild anemia, 2 ( 6.66 ) had moderate anaemia and 7 ( 23.33 % ) had no anaemia. In control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia.In experimental group, the average pretest mark on anaemia was 9.48A0.81, posttest mark was 10.53A0.65, with a difference of 1.05. In the control group, the pretest consider mark was 9.64A0.53, and posttest mean mark was 9.76A0.29 with a difference of 0.12.In experimental group, the posttest average mark of anaemia was 10.53A0.65 and in control group the mean mark is 9.76A0.29. The t value was 5.31 which shows that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering the hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. Therefore hypothesis H1 was retained at P & lt 0.05 degree.In experimental and control group there was no association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected demographic variables at P & lt 0.05 degree. accordingly the formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected at P & gt 0.05 degree.DecisionThis survey was done to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris root mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem. The consequence of this survey showed that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. There was no important association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected background variables in experimental and control group. Hence formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected at P & gt 0.05 degreeDeducti onsAnemia is the commonest wellness labor among adolescent misss. Hence there is a require to hold nutritional supplementation for focal point of anaemia. The consequence of the survey proved that Beta vulgaris rubra mush can be used efficaciously in the nutritionary direction of anaemia.Nursing serviceRegular showing of school kids can be staged by school wellness nurse to observe anaemia and prevent its patterned advance.Educate the benefits of Fe rich diet and its function in bar and control of anaemia.Nutritional intercessions can be introduced as a primary manner of intercession by the nurses for the intervention of anaemia.The school wellness nurses can set up nutritionary supplementation Sessionss for school kids particularly for adolescent misss.Continuous training to the school instructors sing importance of nutritionary supplementation are necessary for cut downing the prevalence of malnutrition including anaemia.All the anaemic persons can be taught about the impo rtance of taking Fe rich diet by small town wellness nurse.Nursing instructionNurse pedagogues could stress the construct of school wellness and encourages pupil nurses to assess the function of the nurse as an pedagogue of the school kids.Nurse pedagogue should take enterprise in forming go oning instruction plan for nurses on effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush in direction of anaemia.Motivate the pupils to update the cognition on consort invention attacks in intervention modes for anaemia.Nursing disposalNecessary disposal support can be provided to carry on plans on bar of anaemia.Form in-service instruction sing anaemia and its effect for community wellness workers and school instructors to cut down its impact on wellness position of kids.The nurse decision maker coordinates her work along with the staffs, to promote them to make selected alternate nutritionary steps like Beta vulgaris rubra mush in the direction of anaemia.Nursing researchNursing research demand to be d one to happen out assorted other nutritionary steps in order to cut down prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss.Research can be done on assorted populations at assorted scenes.RecommendationsA similar survey can be conducted with antepartum female parents.An extended descriptive survey can be conducted to measure the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss.A similar survey can be done for kids s of other age groups and grownups.A relative survey can be done to find the effectivity of nutritionary intercession vs. pharmacological intercession on anaemiaA convertible survey can be conducted by utilizing one group pretest and posttest design.A similar survey can be conducted in urban schools.A similar survey can be conducted in rural and urban communities.DrumheadThis chapter dealt with drumhead, decision, deductions for nursing and recommendations.

Family and Wimpy Kid Essay

This take is amazing it is called daybook of a Wimpy Kid Rodrick Rules and it is a funny journal that is compose in a really good, motivating way. It is write by Jeff Kinney and is found on a wimpy little boy whose big brother is annoying him.CharactersThe main characters are Greg and Rodrick. Greg is the wimpy kid writing the diary and Rodrick is his big brother. Rodrick is really mean to Greg and always blames things on him when he hasnt done anything. Rodrick mistakenly thinks that he is an amazing drummer.PlotGreg does some very dopey things and only Rodrick knows about them so Greg is relying on Rodrick non to tell anyone except, universe a typical big brother, he does.They keep loads of secrets from their parents but bad things happen when they find out. Their mum has an idea that if they do chores she go away pay them with board game money which they can trade in later for real money. Little does their mother know that Greg just buys more(prenominal) board game mon ey.This book is written in fairly cadence American English so they say things like Mom not Mum. They also say Gramma instead of grandma or grandmother.Although it is written in American English it did not affect the experience of course session it for me. It is written in the first person and some of the words do not follow the rules of Standard English spelling, e.g. LAST instead of exit without capitals.BackroundRoderick Rules is the second book in a series. The first book is daybook of a Wimpy Kid and the third book is Diary of a Wimpy Kid The Last Straw. The series is an international best seller.My perspicacity on this book is that its light-hearted, funny, draws you in from the start and luckily in that location is another one waiting for you when you have finished. The cartoon illustrations complement the witty text and they really help to visualise the characters during their antics and adventures. I recommend this book to anyone between the ages of eight and twelve.I would award this book four out of a maximum of five stars

Natural Fires

When we speak of bouffant scale fires, we a good deal associate it with destructive powerfulnesss that could burn properties and structures down to ashes or commit many a(prenominal) lives. What we dont realize is that large-scale fires have existed way keystone in the history of our planet, and that these fires are considered as natural occurrences. It is just our cognition that lead us to our conceived meaning of fire, but truly, there are much benefits in it rather than the destruction if brings. Nature utilizes these large-scale fires for non-homogeneous reasons, both destructive and beneficial.We often think of fire as an evil force that consumes both living and non-living things in the surround. But besides this, we are negligent to the fact that these fires are agents of natural change. These fires are considered as herbivores, because they consume plants and render them to a more useful material (Bond and Kee). Most plants however, are unpalatable or just difficult to consume, like towering trees and the like. In localise to put this into good use, fires act as herbivores that would devour an entire timberland of inedible trees. They are consumed in order to transform the ecosystems into better ones, which the various creatures of our environment could live into (Pyne).No matter how man intervenes with the way the environment works, nature would always find its way with things. This is true for the occurrence of these large scale fires. Man has struggled and was somehow successful in suppressing these fires from devouring trees and early(a) vegetations. Because of this, nature has somehow managed to adapt by increasing the temperature of the environment late (Westerling et al.). Because of this increase in temperature, the trees in the forests become more susceptible to these fires. They tardily get burned with just a little nudge, like a lit cigarette thrown into the woods, or a boy playing with some matchsticks.Works CitedBond, Willia m J., and Jon E. Kee. Fire as a Global Herbivore The ecology and Evolution of Flammable Ecosystems. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution Vol.20.No.7 (2005).Pyne, Stephen J. Pyromancy Reading Stories in the Flames. Conservation Biology Vol. 18.No. 4 (2004).Westerling, A. L., et al. Warming and Earlier Spring addition Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity. American Association for the Advancement of Science Vol. 313 (2006).

Uniform of German SS Soldiers

Baggy, and they had high goth like boots except withut the buckles, andthere top had a swastika on one of the sleeves. The German likes varied in pretense and style. By Also on the tunic was Edelweiss Pirates an Iron double birdie Just above the left breast pocket. hey would gather together and fiddle in a manner that they would know would anger the local national socialist leaders. Whereas the Nazi Party required Hitler young person members to wear a uniform that was semi-military, Edelweiss members wore more bohemian lothing, knowing that it would anger the powers-that-be.They also render songs that the Nazis had banned and played music that was also banned, such as have it off and blues tunes. They created areas within a town or city where members of the Hitler Youth were not tolerated. At no stage were they ever a risk of infection to the Nazi regime and for years they were seen as nothing more than a youthful irritant youths going through that phase in their lives where ascension (as they perceived it) was the order of the day. ey also offered a way of life foreign of the strangulating Nazi regime.Between 1936 and September 1939, the Nazi authorities saw the Edelweiss Pirates as little more than a small-scale irritant. However, attitudes changed during World War deuce when the authorities believed that the Edelweiss Pirates were responsible for collecting British anti-Nazi propaganda leaflets dropped by chock Command at the start of the war and posting them through letterboxes. This was seen as being more than Just an irritation it was classed as blatant subversion.

A Man Defined by War Essay

Similar to many authors during the early part of the 20th century, Ernest Hemingway uses his world-class hand experience to write meticulous novels fathering his struggles. Hemingways efforts be recorded employ new techniques not yet seen before. Hemingway, the author of the celebrate A Farwell To Arms, incorporates meaningful diction, imagery, and syntax in Book 1 to convey his detached tone to contendds the Great struggle.Book 1 of A leave of absence To Arms sets the groundwork for one of the well-nigh influential novels of all time. surrogate F scarleterick hydrogen, an Ameri rout out ambulance driver for the Italian army, seems stoic about his situation. hydrogen meets a British nurse, Catherine Barkley. After an evening with Catherine, he says to himself, I had treated eyesight Catherine very lightly, I had gotten somewhat drunk and had nearly forgotten to move into but when I could not see her there I was savour lonely and hollow. (41).This is the first time tota l heat fully recognizes that he loves Catherine. His automobile trunk drained of guilt, total heat utter, when I could not see her.I was feeling hollow. A lover without a clue, atomic number 1 lays his problems, the contend, his love life, and his friends on the table. go out from Catherine, he feels he goes through the motions needed to live but can not actually be attached to the world. Catherine completes him. Just after the priest discusses God, Henry walks through Abruzzi. He thinks to himself,lovely was the fall to go capture through the chestnut woods. The birds were all good because they fed on grapes and you never took a lunch because the peasants were always honored if you would eat with them at their houses.(73).Henrys thoughts are obviously disconnected from his main problems. Pondering the birds, Henry detaches himself from the rest of the war. Hemingways personal issues regarding the war are exemplified in Henrys speech.Vibrant, vivid imagery became one of Hemi ngways favorite morphologic devices. In the early stages of the tale, Henry, still getting accustomed to his surroundings, finds time to detect the less crucial items of his experience. While viewing the scenery around him, Henry observes, century slanted across the wind, the bare ground was covered, the stumps of trees projected, there was snow on the guns and there was paths in the snow going back to the latrines tail trenches. (6). His world completely changed, Henry resorts to crafting detached images for himself from his surroundings. Snow generates a signified of permanence, just as the war itself has produced. With the equal disinterest as he has in the war, Henry continues to show a lack of concern on his job and sometimes with his friends. Hemingway wants the reader to reconsider their opinion of the Great War and contemplate the lesser things in the world such(prenominal) as nature.While driving an ambulance to Pavla, Henrys car is demolished by a trench mortar. A g eneral without his authority, Henry struggled through this tragedy using his unbelievable willpower and audacity. Just before the attack, Henry, ate the end of my act of cheese and took a swallow of winethen there was a flash, as when a flush-furnace door is swung open, and a roar that started white and went red and on and on in a rushing wind. (54). The mortar blast that attacks Henrys ambulance furthers his dismal attitude towards the war. Hemingway slams that innocent men such as Henry have been injured and killed throughout this war and he get bys this is not fair. Above all, he further detaches Henry from the world and the war for the readers own thoughts to form about the evilness of guileless casualties.Syntactical devices are one of literatures virtually important and practical modes to get a point across in an arouse and interesting manner. Authors utilize such tools to get deeper meanings across to the reader. A miscellanea of syntax Hemingway utilizes is known as subject. Additionally, while he is illustrating one of those most impressing scenes of Book 1, Henry must deal with other feelings and sights. Henry observes, The stillborn were off to one side. The doctors were working with their sleeves up to their shoulders and were red as butchers. thither were not enough stretchers. Some of the wounded were noisy but most were quiet (56-57).To cope with his negative opinions towards the war, Henry draws up his inner medium to battle them. With the same resolve that drove him to the war, Henry eliminates feelings of sorrow and shows a lack of interest on the front. Another syntactical device utilizes repetition. To sterilise the reader for the upcoming idea, Hemingway creates a brilliant structural masterpiece. During a volume hall scene in Book 1, Henry narrates, Yes, father. That is true, father. Perhaps, father. No, father. Well, maybe yes, father. You know more about it than I do father. (38). By repeating the same father over and over again, Hemmingway initiates a serious, monotonous tone to this excerpt.The repetition alone is a cautious statement bending the limits of literature itself. Dr. Robert have believes repetition is key to creating great literature, but the author must know how to apply it. He states, the most remarkable aspect of the passage is Hemingwaysemployment of repetition. The repetition of key words like want and abruptlyare used to keep the dialogues relevant. (Hemingway and the Creation17). Hemingway effectively displays repetition demonstrating Henrys disinterest and detachment from the war and all of its horrors. The everlasting war establishes Henrys dismal tone as he struggles to withstand the war. Out of Henrys struggles emerged his strengths.In conclusion, Ernest Hemingways innovative techniques in the fields of diction, imagery, and syntax generate the protagonists detachment from creation War I in Book 1. Deriving from his disinterest comes his tenderness for a young British nur se. Hemingways own conflicts in land War I blend with his views from that war and congregate in this masterpiece.

Sap with Body Shop

tire out is the worlds leading provider of art software terminations. SAP solutions are designed to meet the demands of companies of all sizes. mySAP byplay Suite solutions are helping opening moves around the world improve customer relationships, enhance partner collaboration and create efficiencies crosswise their cut gyves and melody operations. The tree trunk ca-ca is unifying its worldwide operations on SAP enterprise software, deploying the SAP for Retail industry solution crossways its home, regional offices, warehouses and more than 2,000 wholly-owned and franchise outlets worldwide.The Body Shop, an SAP customer since 1999, chose SAPs integrated retail enterprise applications to harmonize bank line processes crosswise its global network, creating a strong yet adaptive foundation for business growth with the SAP NetWeaver technology platform. The worldwide rollout, being implemented with stay from IT service provider Diagonal Consulting, is part of the retaile rs three-year strategic plan to obtain enterprisewide consistency in forecasting, ordering, allocation and scattering processes.Replacing a number of legacy dodges, SAPs suite of core enterprise applications and specialized software for retailers volition cover end-to-end business processes from leadquarters down to the store level, powering the companys financial processes, warehouse and furnish chain management, peeled crossroad development and point-of-sale (POS) operations. Jon Granville, the global steer of IT of The Body Shop said, We chose SAP for its retail expertise, global reach and solution scope.Our global SAP rollout is not an IT initiative, but a business initiative that depart help us improve our key processes that drive combative advantage at each local outlet. SAP for Retail entrust help us provide targeted support end-to-end our sales and distribution network and, ultimately, deliver better service to our customers. HP with soundbox snitch The Body Shop has named HP as its preferred global cornerstone partner to migrate its existing disparate legacy systems to a complete, standards-based HP infrastructure solution.With operations in 52 countries and more than 2,000 stores, The Body Shop has experienced rapid and extensive global growth in new-fashioned years. It is estimated that The Body Shop sells a product every 0. 4 seconds, access to more than 77 million customer transactions annually throughout stores worldwide. HP is delivering a standardised information technology architecture across the firms global operations, reducing the overall total cost of ownership of IT and providing higher(prenominal) system performance and room for future growth.The consolidated infrastructure will cut management time and cost, ease load balancing, improve system and space utilisation, and optimise the return on investment of The Body Shops new global enterprise resource planning implementation. The Body Shops IT vision takes a One World , One Way approach to its global infrastructure. HP embraced this vision and is helping the company design, build, integrate, manage and evolve into an Adaptive Enterprise one that will be able to easily adapt to change to meet the ineluctably of its growing business, while ensuring operational readiness and protecting its critical business processes. HP is proving to be a perfect partner, said Jon Granville, global head of IT, The Body Shop. HP understands the retail sector and our requirements and this allows us to work in concert on a total global infrastructure solution to achieve our IT vision and so meet the needs of the business.This is a signifi washbasintly assorted approach to the other competitive offerings we evaluated, and will ultimately provide us with the means to ensure better visibility of consumer data, streamlined operation of our supply chains and better integration of our processes right across our global businesses. round body shops web Body shop has an a stounding website. You almost can amaze everything you want to know on the website much(prenominal) as what ingredients in each product. They separate the categories in a distinctly way, for example they have best seller remove-up bath and body hair fragrance ect. When you click into approximately products you are interest, you can find out how it works and what the other customers view and some suggestion. There are 29 languages on body shops web, so Japanese dont need to worry if they cant understand English.Also they publish a lot of promotions on the web, such as what is on sale and that gift box they are exchange at moment. The web nearly record everything happened in body shop. For example, Body shop sent their employees to the suppliers and paper what they find on the internet. The Last report online is about a man called peter, he went to Africa to know how they make Shea butter, he even try to make it by himself and he write about how it feel after he used the Shea butter. His report and photos videos just make us trust body shop more.Its a special way to make customers to believe how good body shops products are. One more amazing thing to me on the web. They have a The Body Shop skin care regime guide, its a questionnaire to help you to know what type skin you are, and after your halt the test, they will give you suggestion about the skin care product and eye care product, they even divide the products into morning and night. Its actually easy and convenient for the first body shop user its also a good tool to help you save the money, because you but need to buy the right products for yourself.

Memory Keepers Daughter Essay

Truth be told nought is normal or perfect each and e actually one of us have our flaws, insecurities and concerns. In The Memory Keepers Daughter by Kim Edwards argues that . In life, there are many things that we can neither heal nor necessitate nor overcome sometimes all it takes is one superior to go down the rest of our lives. One winter night in 1964, a Dr. David heat content makes a decision that leave alone haunt his life forever. On a winter night in 1964, an unusual Kentucky blizzard forces Dr. Henry and his cling to Caroline Gill to deliver his own twins for his married woman, Norah. First born(p) is the boy, Paul, who is a visibly perfect baby. Shortly after, the baby female child volt is born and is noticed to have symptoms of Down Syndrome. David cannot accept his baby girl because he does not want his wife to go through the same trauma his mother went through with the decease of his little sister delinquent to a heart defect.In a split second, David decides that the girl should be placed in an institution to spare Norah the suffering, and he asks the Caroline, the nurse, to take fin to the institution. After Caroline left the Henrys house, and seeing the alarming conditions of the institution, Caroline decides to keep the baby and raise Phoebe herself. David then lies to his wife and says that their daughter died at birth. This quick lie David Henry tells his family changes their life forever. The death in the family immediately causes a distance between David and Norah David becomes infatuated with a camera that Norah bought for him while Norah turns to drinking. The distance between the Henrys continues to begin even further while David and Norah aspire to do totally different things with their lives. David wants to become a photographer and tries to immerse himself in his work, he tries to send packing the resulting toll it takes on his family by viewing everything through a camera lens, almostWe as people are in general very bias even if you dont mean to be, you can be bias to the types of foods that you prefer, or to people who may or may not have mental illnesses. Life is filled with things beyond our control, and we must confide on ourselves to discover the link between suffering, joy and acceptance. There will always be thing that we can neither cure nor accept nor overcome sometimes all it is going to take is one choice to determine the rest of our lives and The Memory Keepers Daughter by Kim Edwards proves this.

Abuse of power leads to conflict

We swing our originator like a club and the adult male bides its time until our Ignorance strips us of our glory. Stack Ab consumption of power refers to the unwarranted use of authority. A person or group of sight who pervert power, unjustifiably use their authority to intercept or harm those under their boot or influence, or waive exploitation and perhaps harm to evanesce through lack of action. These powers can range in form, social posture, somatic military force, knowledge, technology, weapons, wealth, or the trust that others aim in them.It is evident from both score and in the current Edie, that deal in places of power ar practically associated with misuse of their power. But does abuse of power lead to conflict? Or does conflict lead to abuse of power? One could say It goes both ways. The most ghastly abuse of power is kind of possibly go bad of pincerren. The mother and or father be in a position where they should be giving their tiddler or children eve rything they possibly can, but sooner choose not to. They take only for themselves, and leave nothing for their offspring.Michelle oleaginousness was charged with murdering her Infant daughter, Thy, by leaving her In a motorcar In outer Melbourne on a tot November day. It was said that she had repeatedly left the child in her car, sparking arguments with her own mother regarding the level of contend she was exerting for Thy. Michelle was in a place of power, she was responsible for the well- being of her offspring, but to date she abused her power, leading initially to conflict with her mother and ultimately, the death of her infinitesimal girl.Quite often we see ghostlike ministers misuse power for their own person-to-person pleasure. In Australia there atomic number 18 over 100 cases where Catholic priests deport been charged for ex offences against minors The misuse of social position, physical strength and trust have been used on numerous occasion for the religious lea ders to sexually satisfy themselves. The victimized children would feel uncomfortable and violated, if they were antiquated enough to understand that It was wrong.Bishops and Cardinals abused their position to protect the priests, to save the churches Image. They exactly moved the priests on to a new place of practice earlier than naming and shaming, allowing the exploitation to continue. At no point did any of the people in places in oarsman step forward to protect the children. No one wanted to prevent future conflicts by creating and uproar at the time when minors most needed it. They abused their power to allow the abuse of other powers to continue, they encouraged the conflicts.TLS causes a conflict within the child as they grow up, they may question their own self pricey and they could potentially become mentally and emotionally unable to function by rights in a sexual relationship. Not only has the trust of the child been violated, the p arents and guardians who leave behindingly placed their loved one n their care have been let down and their trust, also, been broken. This particular abuse of power is one that clears and conflict by limiting the amount of trust people will put into churches and people of religious order, particularly those of Catholic denomination. rower to evil someone else. Over the course of Sadisms 42 year reign, he unploughed his family placed in high national governmental standing. He gave his oldest son the job of becoming a dominant face of telecommunications, while other son was the head of national security. Caitiff was a nepotism misusing his power to put returns to his family, rather than those of the general public. In a sense, he disadvantaged the country by having a heavily weighted national political front to people who share his opinion.Everyday people use their power to exploit others for personal gain. We see it in many forms, but one that is quite distinct is human trafficking. Human trafficking is t he trade in which humans are used sexually exploited or are used for force labor ad sometimes for marriage. It is clearly an abuse of wealth, they take advantage of people in poverty. The victims simply cannot but their way out of it, oddly if they are trafficked to pay of a debt. Human traffickers abuse the power of wealth. They create conflict with the law and the human race.They break the unwritten rules of humaneness, by sightedness people simply as commodities and then denying them their basic human rights. silver is power. Book Harm is a clear example where power is abused. These people were not allocated their power, they stole it. They pressured their way into a negative place of rower through violence and the infilling of fear. They have explicitly stated they Will mete out women. They have not only misused their power of wealth and weapons, he has greatly abused the asset of his illegally gained women.If this group of men are not pursued and made accountable, what mes sage does it send to the world near the value of women if they get away with it? Not a very good enough one obviously, women in these countries are generally treated as objects, and breeders. They are often promised to older men at young ages and sometimes earlier birth. Most are unable o do anything of their own entrust but rather only as their husband wishes, and if he is denied, he may do whatever he so chooses to punish her.The position that a large number of young girls were taken without anyone speaking a word upon the occurrence of the crime simply supports the general ideals of this particular culture, women arent worth more than simply a sum of money. These men are allowing the abatement of the world to look upon their actions and feel a certain amount of disgust, if they are not found and or punished, people internationally will dough to worry, enduring where it is safe to be anymore. Thus there is a conflict.Their abuse of the power of money, weapons and assets cre ates a conflict of security. Abuse of power and conflict go hand in hand. Whether it be abuse of power causing conflict, or the conflict leading to the abuse of power. People misuse their power everyday. The power of trust, money, assets, weapons and the like. It happens in everyday life, and our history as a race is cluttered with it. We use our power to our advantage and we exploit others. Sometimes we turn a blind eye, using our power to cause the conflict.

Comparison of Reliance Mutual Fund with Others

A pop REPORT ON COMPARISON OF RELIANCE MUTUAL computer storage WITH OTHERS UNDERTAKEN AT INDIA INFOLINE LTD. BARDOLI pic SUBMITTED BY dimpled chad M. SHARMA (10BBA52) GUIDED BY Mr. NAVIN H. SAPARIYA BBA PROGRAMME ( course of instruction 2012-13) pic VIDYABHARTI TRUST COLLEGE OF BBA & BCA, UMRAKH I DIMPLE SHARMA from Vidyabharti Trust College of BBA & BCA, Umrakh hereby declare that the project melodic theme turn every over entitled Comparison of confidence reciprocal stemma With Others submitted by Ms. DIMPLE M. SHARMA Id nary(prenominal) 0BBA52 during descentember 2012 to February 2013 has been to a lower place taken as a part of 6th Semester of BBA broadcast of Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat. I declare that this report has not been submitted to each separate university or institute for any other purposes. DIMPLE M. SHARMA (10BBA52) This run into employ is written in accordance with the Bachelor of Business court course prescribed by Veer Narmad South Gujarat University for two month project work.I am greatly thankful to India Infoline Ltd. , Bardoli for giving me an opportunity to work on this project at their go with. I wish to express my guileless thanks to Mr. Viral Chauhan, I/c Principal of BBA College who gave me the chance to do this project report under India Infoline Ltd. , Bardoli. I wish to express my sound sense gratitude to my guide Mr. Navin H. Sapariya whose constant assistant and support at tot tout ensembley stages of this project has modify me to complete it. I am thankful to my corporation guide Mr.Parag Khatri, for providing his valuable suggestion and guidance which has given final achieve to the report and to a fault for sharing his rich experience for the contents of this report without whom this project would not turn over been completed successfully. Last but not least, I am also grateful to my parents, colleagues whose continuous support has of in all time boosted my moral towards working on this report. DIMPLE M. SHARMA (10BBA52)As a partial fulfilment of BBA Programmed all students are required to undergo training for 2 months with respect to this I grant prepared a project report on Comparison of credit unwashed breed with Others. The project is base under the assumption that, As shared blood being a brand-new enthronisation avenue in the food market deal likes to grab just about information about assurance usual computer storage. I want to cadency the performance of creed mutual ancestry Schemes correspondd to others. In the duration of 8 weeks, I studied various interchangeable lineage Schemes of faith & bluff Ended origin like right Fund.In order to compare the intrigues of Reliance shared Fund & Others, I stack away each week net as present abide bys of Reliance Mutual Fund Schemes & leave Ended Fund Schemes for the catch of 2007 to 2012. I compare fascinates by calculating stake & turn back in that respectby to round the performance of polar schemes of Reliance Mutual Fund & Open Ended Fund in legality schemes. In the paleness Fund Schemes, the years from 2009, 2010 & 2012 Reliance Mutual Fund is headspringhead playing among others. Ch. No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction About fraternity Profile About Topic About Reliance Mutual Fund 2. inquiry Methodology 3. Data Analysis and Interpretation 4. Findings 5. Conclusions 6. Recommendations 7. References Bibliography CHAPTER 1 picIntroduction pic go with PROFILE INTRODUCTION OF INDIA INFO LINE PVT. LTD. VISION OF THE COMPANY quite a little is to be the close respected company in the financial operate space. INTRODUCTION 5 paisa is the trade name of the India Infoline Securities private limited, a tout ensemble owned subordinate word of India Infoline ltd. paisa holds membership of both the prima(p) rip commute of India viz. the Bombay stock exchange ( mad cow disease) and subject area transmit modify and is also a Depository Participant with NSDL and CDSL. It has tied up with the guide banks for silver transfer facilities Viz. City Bank, Centurion Bank, ICICI Bank and UTI bank the group has a membership of a Multi Commodities fill in (MCX), National Commodities and Derivative Exchange of India (NCDEX) and the Dubai florid and Commodities Exchange (DGCX). India Infoline Ltd was shewed in 1995 by a group of professionals with impeccable educational qualification and professional credentials. India Infoline is listed on BSE and NSE with a market chief city letterization of over $ 150 million. The India Infoline group, comprising the holding company, the India Infoline Ltd. And its wholly owned subsidiaries offers the entire gamut of expendment products ranging from Equities and redress , obstinate deposits ,GOI bonds , Loan products and other small saving instruments. It also owns and ope grade sack up sites, www. indiainfolin e. om and www. 5paisa. com. India Infoline is a forerunner in the field of equity enquiry. India Infolines look for is acknowl sharpnessd by none other than Forbes as The best of the tissue and a must read for come outor in Asia. India Infolines inquiry is for sale not just over the cyberspace but also on international wire serve like Bloomberg (code ILL), Thomson set-back call and internet securities where it is amongst the most read Indian brokers. The India Infoline group has a signifi send packingce straw man across the country with over 500 branches in over ccc cities across India.All these offices are networked and connected with the corporate office in Mumbai. The group has invested signifi assholetly in technology and research, the result of which are there for everyone to see. The 5 paisa trading interface is one of the most advanced platforms available to retail investor in India. The group has membership on BSE and NSE for equities trading. It has a SEBI evidence for Portfolio Management under which, various schemes are offered, which bugger off been continentally beating the benchmark indices since inception. THE INDIA INFOLINE LTD. India Infoline Ltd, being a listed entity, is regulated by SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India). It undertakes equities research which is acknowledged by none other than Forbes as Best of the web must read for investors in Asia. Its various subsidiaries are in different lines of business and hence are governed by different regulators. The subsidiaries of India Infoline Ltd are India Infoline Securities close Ltd. India Infoline Securities Pvt. Ltd. is a snow% adjuvant of India Infoline Ltd, which is engaged in the businesses of Equities broking and Portfolio Management Services. It holds memberships of both the straining stock exchanges of India viz. the Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). It offers broking serve in the cash and Derivatives seg ments of the NSE as well as the Cash segment of the BSE. India Infoline Commodities closed-door Ltd. India Infoline Commodities Pvt.Ltd is a 100% subsidiary of India Infoline Ltd, which is engaged in the business of commodities broking. Our experience in securities broking empowered us with the requisite skills and technologies to forget us offer commodities broking as a contra- Cyclical alternative to equities broking. We respect memberships with the MCX and NCDEX, two leading Indian commodities exchanges, and recently acquired membership of DGCX. We have a multi-channel delivery model, making it among the select few to online as well as offline trading facilities. India Infoline Distribution Co. Ltd. India Infoline. com Distribution Co Ltd is a 100% subsidiary of India Infoline Ltd. and is engaged in the business of distribution of Mutual cash in hand, IPOs, Fixed Deposits and other small savings products. It is one of the largest vendor-independent distribution hous es and has a astray pan-India footprint of over 232 branches coupled with a huge arrive of feet-on-street, which helps author and service customers across the length and breadth of India.Its unique value suggest of free doorstep expert advice coupled with free pick-up and delivery of cheques has been met with an vehement response from customers and storehouse houses alike. Our business has expanded to include the online distribution of vulgar currency, wherein users can view and compare different product offerings and download coat forms which they can later submit to the product leave behindr. India Infoline amends Services Ltd. India Infoline Insurance Services Ltd is also a 100% subsidiary of India Infoline Ltd and is a registered incorporate cistron with the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA). It is the largest collective Agent for ICICI prudent life story Insurance Co Ltd, which is Indias largest private Life Insurance familiar ity. India Infoline Investment Services Ltd. India Infoline Investment Service Ltd is also a 100% subsidiary of India Infoline Ltd. It has an NBFC license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and offers margin-funding facility to the broking customers. India Infoline Insurance divisor Ltd. India Infoline Insurance Brokers Ltd. is a 100% subsidiary of India Infoline Ltd and is a newly organize subsidiary which will carry out the business of Insurance broking. We have applied to IRDA for the restitution broking license and the clearance for the homogeneous is awaited. OPERATIONS This is where the 5paisa subsidiary of the India Infoline group, comes in. They operate their functions through their dobriny knowledge and infobase on in judgment research of complex paradigms of commodity kinetics, offers their customers a unique insight into behavioral patterns of these markets. Their customers are ideally positioned to make aware investment finale s with a racy probability of success India Infoline commodities private ltd. offers the investors the opportunity to participate in this market by facilitating trading in commodities incomings.They are the members of Multi commodity Exchange of India (MCX) and National Commodity Exchange of India (NCDEX). Their main function is to provide the investor with the complete head for the hills of commodities for trading, in both the morning as well as eventide sessions. Trading can be online, over the phone or at their branches. Highly qualified, well trained relationship managers are available at their investor points across the country, to help the investor make the best of commodities trading Besides all the above functions, they also leverage their skills in research, investments in cutting edge technology and understanding of investors requirements to ensure that their needs are taken care of.Thus, they perform the function of adding value to the investors money. HISTORY & MILESTONES Year 2011 Launched IIFL Mutual Fund. 2010 Received in-principle approval for membership of the gravid of Singapore Stock Exchange Received membership of the Colombo Stock Exchange. 2009 Acquired registration for Housing pay SEBI in-principle approval for Mutual Fund Obtained Venture Capital license 2008 Launched IIFL wealthiness Transitioned to insurance broking model 2007 Commenced institutional equities business under IIFL Formed Singapore subsidiary, IIFL (Asia) Pte Ltd 2006 Acquired membership of DGCX Commenced the lending business 2005 Maiden IPO and listed on NSE, BSE 2004 Acquired commodities broking license Launched Portfolio Management Service 2003 Launched proprietary trading platform trader circumstanceinal for retail customers 2000 Launched online trading through www. 5paisa. com Started distribution of life insurance and mutual fund 1999 Launched www. indiainfoline. om 1997 Launched research products of leading Indian companies, key sectors and the thriftiness Client included leading FIIs, banks and companies. 1995 Commenced operations as an Equity Research firm PRODUCT & SERVICES Equities our core offering, gives us a leading market share in both retail and institutional segments.Over a million retail customers rely on our research, as do leading FIIs and MFs that invest billions. IIFL has rapidly emerged as one of the premier institutional equities houses in India with a squad of over 25 research analysts, a full-fledged sales and trading team coupled with an experienced investment banking team. Private Wealth Management services cater to over 2500 families who have indisputable us with close to Rs 25,000 crores ($ 5bn) of assets for advice. Investment Banking services are for corporates looking at to agitate detonating device. Our forte is Equity Capital Markets, where we have executed several pavilion transactions. IIFLs investme nt banking division was plunked in 2006.The business leverages upon its strength of research and placement capabilities of the institutional and retail sales teams. Our experienced investment banking team possesses the skill-set to manage all kinds of investment banking transactions. Our close interaction with investors as well as corporates helps us understand and offer tailor-made solutions to fulfill requirements. IIFL Mutual Fund made an impressive beginning in FY12, with lowest aid Nifty ETF. Other products include Fixed Maturity Plans. Credit & pay focuses on secured mortgages and consumer loanwords. Our eminent quality loan book of over Rs. 6,200 crores ($ 1. 2bn) is O.K. by strong capital adequacy of approximately 20%. IIFL offers a wide array of secured loan products. Currently, secured loans (mortgage loans, margin funding, loans against shares) comprise 94% of the loan book. The Company has discontinued its unsecured products. It has robus t credit processes and collections mechanism resulting in overall NPAs of less than 1%.The Company has positioned proprietary loan-processing software to enable stringent credit checks while ensuring fast application processing. Recently the company has also launched Loans against Gold. Life Insurance, Pension and other Financial Products, on sacrifice architecture complete our product suite to help customers build a match portfolio. IIFL entered the insurance distribution business in 2000 as ICICI prudent Life Insurance Co. Ltds corporate agent. Later, it became an Insurance broker in October 2008 in line with its strategy to have an open architecture model. The Company now distributes products of major insurance companies through its subsidiary India Infoline Insurance Brokers Ltd.Customers can choose from a wide bouquet of products from several insurance companies including exclusive New York Life Insurance, MetLife, Reliance Life Insurance, Bajaj Allianz Life, Birla Sunlife , Life Insurance Corporation, Kotak Life Insurance and others. Commodities IIFL offers commodities trading to its customers vide its membership of the MCX and the NCDEX. Our domain knowledge and data based on in depth research of complex paradigms of commodity kinetics, offers our customers a unique insight into behavioral patterns of these markets. Our customers are ideally positioned to make informed investment decisions with a advanced probability of success. IIFL (India Info Line Ltd) Corporate Structure pic pic ABOUT THE TOPIC COMPARISON OF RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND WITH OTHERS What are Mutual Funds? A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a plebeian financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciation realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of un its owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a coitusly low cost.The flow chart below describes broadly speaking the working of a mutual fund pic Mutual Fund operation Flow Chart ORGANIZATION OF A MUTUAL FUND on that point are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organizational set up of a mutual fund pic Organization of a Mutual Fund ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDS The advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund are Professional Management Diversification Convenient governing ReturnPotential Low Costs Liquidity Transparency Flexibility Choice of schemes revenue enhancement benefits Well regulated TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES Wide varieties of Mutual Fund Schemes exist to cater to the needs such as financial position, attemptiness tolerance and return expe ctations etc. The table below gives an overview into the existing types of schemes in the Industry. TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES BY STRUCTURE Open Ended Schemes boney Ended Schemes Interval Schemes BY INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE maturement Schemes Income Schemes equilibrate Schemes Money Market Schemes OTHER SCHEMES Tax Saving Schemes Special Schemes index number Schemes celestial sphere Specific Schemes FREQUENTLY USED TERMS Net addition Value (NAV) Net Asset Value is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities. The per unit NAV is the net asset value of the scheme carve up by the number of units outstanding on the Valuation Date. Sale de marginine Is the worth you pay when you invest in a scheme? too called Offer worth. It whitethorn include a sales load. Repurchase Price Is the worth at which units under open-ended schemes are repurchased by the Mutual Fund? Such prices are NAV related. Redemp tion Price Is the price at which close-ended schemes redeem their units on maturity. Such prices are NAV related. Sales fill up Is a charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units?Also called, Front-end load. Schemes that do not charge a load are called No Load schemes. High insecurity, High Return Many investors purchase a item stock with the intention of making a big profit over a poor period of time. However, this action is not investing, but a pure gambling. The reason for this is that you are never guaranteed that you will get the superior returns you hope for over such a short period of time.There may be times in which stocks have put a bring down on short-term growth, but these occurrences are very rare. On fair stocks have returned from 10% to 12%. However, this doesnt flirt with that all stocks return at these rates. The stock market is characterized by the trade-off between adventure and return. The higher(prenominal) the jeopardy t he investor is willing and able to take, the higher the potential rewards from the investment. Therefore, if a particular investment offers you high returns, it is an indication that it will come with a high risk of infection burden. As part of the selection process, you should determine the risk grow of the stock as well as your risk tolerance. If you are looking for high returns you should be able to meet high potential tone endinges as well.Many investors prefer young technology-oriented companies over blue chip companies, because the first provide higher returns than the latter. However, the latter provides its shareholders with regular dividends to compensate for the modest growth. So, the bordering time you are offered a stock that is expected to triple in value over a short time period, think conservatively whether to invest in it, because the chances of it failing to reach this level of return is passing high. Risk Return (finance) the financial term for profit or l oss derived from an investment. Return is the benefit distributed to the owner. A person making an investment expects to get some return from the investment in the future. But as the future is uncertain, so is the future expected return.It is the uncertainty associated with the returns from an investment that introduces risk in to an investment. Standard difference of opinion For the much than technically-minded, Standard discrepancy is the basic statistical mensuration of the dispersion of a population of data observations around a think. In trading language its an indication of price fluctuation it measures how off the beaten track(predicate) the last price is from the average terminal price over a set period. The greater the difference between the closing prices and the average price, the higher the standard deviation will be. The closer the closing prices are to the average price, the lower the standard deviation . he relative rate at which the price of protective cove r moves up and down. Risk is found by calculating the annualized standard deviation or daily changes in the price. Risk = standard deviation of closing price for n periods / average closing price for n periods pic The variance and standard deviation measure the extent of unevenness of possible returns from the expected return. Several other measures such as a range, semi-variance and mean absolute deviation have been employ to forecast measure risk but standard deviation has been the most popularly accepted measure. The standard deviation or variance provided provides a measurement of total risk associated with warranter.Total risk comprises of two components videlicet dictatorial risk and un imperious risk. Variance The variance of a random variable is a measure of its statistical dispersion, indicating how far from the expected value the variance is the average of squared deviation about the arithmetic mean for a set of numbers It describes how far values lie from the mean. In particular, the variance is one of the moments of a distribution. pic Risk and Beta As far as an investor is concerned, the systematic risk is no very important as it can be reduced or eliminated through diversification. It is an irrelevant risk. The risk that is relevant in decision making is the systematic risk because it is undiversifiable.Hence the investor seeks to measure the systematic risk of security. Systematic risk is the variant in security returns caused by changes in the economy or the market. All securities are affect by such changes to some extent, but some securities exhibit greater variability in response to market changes. Such securities are verbalize to have higher systematic risk. A higher variability would head higher systematic risk and vice versa. The systematic risk of security is measured by a statistical measure called Beta the stimulation data required for the calculation for important are the historical data of returns of the individual securit y as well as the returns of a lesson stock market index.For the calculation of beta, the return of individual security is taken as dependent variable, and the return of the market index is taken as the independent variable. Beta is a score that measures a market stock volatility or risk against the rest of the market. It is calculating using relapsing analysis. The Beta of an asset, ? , is a measure of the variability of that asset relative to the variability of the market as a whole . Beta is an index of the systematic risk of an asset. Risk also implies return. Stocks with a high beta should have a higher return than the market. If you are accepting more risk you should accept more reward as beta measures the Risk of a securities return relative to the market the larger the beta, the security is more risky. A beta of 1. indicates a security of average risk a stock with beta greater than 1. 0 has above average risk. Its returns would be more risky than the market returns. A stock with less than 1. 0 would have below average risk. A security can have betas that are unconditional, negative or zero. It is a historical measure of systematic risk of systematic risk. In using this beta for investment decision making, the investor is assuming that the relationship between the security variability and market variability will continue to remain the same in future also. Investor can find the best use of beta ratio in short term decision making, where price volatility is important. Beta shows sensitivity of Stock market with that of index. If positive than moves with market. And if beta is negative it has inverse relationship. Correlation The coefficient of correlativity is one of the most useful statistics. A correlation is single number that describes degree of relationship between two variables. Correlation is a statistical technique that can show weather that how strongly pairs of variables are related. For modeling height and weight are related taller muckl e tend to be heavier than shorter people. The relationship isnt perfect. People of the same height vary in weight and you can think of two people. You know where the shorter one is heavier than the other taller one.Correlation can tell you just how much of the variation in peoples weight is elated to their heights. Compute the correlation value, the formula for correlation are pic Covariance Intuitively, covariance is the measure of how much two variables vary together. That is to say, the covariance becomes more positive for each pair of values which differ from their mean in the same direction, and becomes more negative with each pair of values which differ from their mean in opposite directions. In this way, the more often they differ in the same direction, the more positive the covariance, and the more often they differ in opposite directions, the more negative the covariance.The covariance between two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values E(X) = ? and E(Y) = ? is defined as pic pic About Reliance Mutual Fund Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) has been established as a trust under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 with Reliance Capital Limited (RCL), as the Settler/Sponsor and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited (RCTCL), as the Trustee. RMF has been registered with the Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) vide registration number MF/022/95/1 dated June 30, 1995. The name of Reliance Capital Mutual Fund was changed to Reliance Mutual Fund effective 11th March 2004 vide SEBIs letter no. IMD/PSP/4958/2004 date 11th March 2004.Reliance Mutual Fund was formed to launch various schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to direct to the capital market and to provide investors the opportunities to make investments in diversified securities. The main objectives of the Reliance Mutual Fund are To carry on the activeness of a Mutual Fund as may be permitted at law and formulate and devise various collective Schemes of savings an d investments for people in India and abroad and also ensure gasity of investments for the whole holders To deploy Funds thus raised so as to help the Unit holders earn reasonable returns on their savings and To take such travel as may be necessary from time to time to reckon the effects without any limitation.Our Schemes Equity The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long- term. Such schemes normally invest a major part of their corpus in equities. Such funds have comparatively high risks. These schemes provide different options to the investors like dividend option, capital appreciation, etc. and the investors may choose an option depending on their preferences. The investors must indicate the option in the application form. The mutual funds also render the investors to change the options at a later date. reaping schemes are best for investors having a long-term outlook seeking appreciation over a period of time. Diversified Large Cap Diversified Theme establish Diversified Multi Cap Sector Diversified Mid Cap & picayune Cap Tax Saver Index Arbitrage Banking equilibrate DebtThe aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures, Government securities and money market instruments. Such funds are less risky compared to equity schemes. These funds are not affected because of fluctuations in equity markets. However, opportunities of capital appreciation are also limited in such funds. The NAVs of such funds are affected because of change in interest rates in the country. If the interest rates fall, NAVs of such funds are probable to increase in the short run and vice versa. However, long term investors may not bother about these fluctuations. Ultra Short Term Money Market Funds (Liquid Funds) Short Term Funds pine Term Funds Monthly Income Plans Gold Gold is seen as a symbol of security and a sign of prosperity. Indian consumers consider grand jewellery as an investment and are well aware of fortunates benefits as a store of value. Gold is also know as a form of money in India, a tradable liquid asset. It is one of the foundation assets for Indian households and a means to accumulate wealth from a long term perspective. Gold investment has been in the finale of Indian tradition and has been on rise amongst the modern investors as well due to the financial uncertainty and inflationary pressures. Gold Exchange Traded Fund Gold Savings Fund picChapter 2 research methodology query METHODOLOGY Problem Statement Comparison of Reliance Mutual Fund with others. Scope of Study The scope of the project is mainly concentrated on the different categories of the mutual funds such as equity schemes, debt funds, balanced funds and equity linked savings schemes etc. Research Objectives base Objective To know the best scheme of Mutual Fund by different parameters. Second ary Objectives Understanding the attitude & behavior of the distributors towards Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF). Understanding the competition for the schemes provided by different Mutual Funds Company. Finding out ways & means to improve on the services by RMF. To evaluate investment performance of selected mutual funds in terms of risk and return. Also to analyze the performance of mutual fund schemes on the basis of various parameters. Importance of The Study This study provides the sizeable comparison to Reliance Mutual Fund for improving in their services and takes a sound decision regarding it. Reference Period Reference period is 1st January 2007 to 30th December 2012. Research Design I have selected Descriptive Research Design. Data Collection Collect data with the help of distributor (INDIA INFOLINE) and Internet.Sample Size 5 schemes of Reliance Mutual Fund & 5 schemes of Open Ended Funds. Plan for Data Analysis By bit by bit like Checking Editing Tabulating through Table, Charts & Graphs. LIMITATION OF STUDY Data is collected from secondary sources which may not be as reliable as primary data so sometimes it may be lead wrong soothsaying about future. Data giving a prediction of market condition but other factors also affect to it so perfect suggestion may not be predicted. DIRECTION FOR besides RESEARCH The study is held for direct Company and research department head. picChapter 3 Data Analysis & Interpretations DATA INTERPRETATIONThe study is based on the weekly scheme returns of Mutual Fund as well as the weekly return of NIFTY INDEX. The series of scheme returns computed from weekly scheme prices of the good index for the period of 5 years from 1st Jan 2007 to 31st Dec 2012 and take overtake 5 Open Ended Schemes to measure risk and return. Risk is measured by standard deviation, beta, etc. Performance of Reliance Banking Fund & Other pic Funds Name Beta Standard Deviation Correlation Covariance Return ICICI Prudential baring Fu nd- 1. 03% 4. 7% 0. 86 0. 0018 110. 8% emergence UTI drug company & health anxiety Fund- 0. 78% 4. 7% 0. 65 0. 0014 98. 41% ingathering TATA equilibrize Fund- yield 0. 77% 3. 9% 0. 93 0. 0014 82. 92% ICICI Prudential Discovery 1. 03% 4. 7% 0. 86 0. 0018 110. 8% Fund- harvest-festival UTI Pharma & wellness Care Fund- 0. 78% 4. 7% 0. 65 0. 0014 98. 41% Growth TATA Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 77% 3. 9% 0. 93 0. 0014 82. 92% ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund- 1. 03% 4. 7% 0. 86 0. 0018 110. 8% Growth UTI Pharma & Health Care Fund- 0. 78% 4. 7% 0. 65 0. 0014 98. 41% Growth TATA Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 77% 3. 9% 0. 93 0. 0014 82. 92% ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund-1. 03% 4. 7% 0. 6 0. 0018 110. 78% Growth UTI Pharma & Health Care Fund- 0. 78% 4. 7% 0. 65 0. 0014 98. 41% Growth TATA Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 77% 3. 9% 0. 93 0. 0014 82. 2% ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund-1. 03% 4. 7% 0. 86 0. 0018 110. 78% Growth UTI Phar ma & Health Care Fund- 0. 78% 4. 7% 0. 65 0. 0014 98. 41% Growth TATA Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 7% ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund- Growth 1. 03% Reliance Banking Fund- Growth 0. 98% Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund- Growth 0. 90% Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund- Growth 0. 86% UTI Pharma & Health Care Fund- Growth 0. 78% Standard Deviation Here, are the top 5 schemes that has confine & low deviation which is somewhat good. Funds Name Standard Deviation Reliance MIP (Monthly Income Plan) Fund- Growth 3. 10% Reliance Pharma Fund- Growth 3. 30% Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund- Growth 3. 50% SBI Magnum Balanced Fund- Growth 3. 80% TATA Balanced Fund- Growth 3. 90% CorrelationHere, are the top 5 schemes whose Correlation is High & Highly Moderate. Funds Name Correlation SBI Magnum Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 95 TATA Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 93 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund- Growth 0. 92 Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund- Growth 0. 91 ICICI Prud ential Discovery Fund- Growth 0. 6 Covariance Here, are top 5 schemes who has moderate to low variation compared to others. Funds Name Covariance Reliance MIP (Monthly Income Plan) Fund- Growth 0. 0004 Reliance Pharma Fund- Growth 0. 0008 Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund- Growth 0. 0011 ICICI Prudential FMCG Fund- Growth 0. 012 SBI Magnum Balanced Fund- Growth 0. 0013 pic Chapter 5 Conclusions Conclusion all investor wants to maximize his returns at the lowest possible risk or he tries to minimize his risk keeping his returns equivalent, both gives him higher profits. In evaluating mutual funds, investors usually consider only the past returns generated by the fund without considering the risk associated with it. From the project, I conclude that, After analysis of all the schemes of reliance mutual fund & open ended funds, there are 5 schemes that as high risk involved but there is also high return accumulated with it. These schemes are Reliance Banking Fund,Reliance D iversified Power Sector Fund, Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund, ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund & UTI Pharma & Health Care Fund. Theory says that risk and return go hand in hand. And we can see that in these 5 schemes. Considering all the factors, the best scheme is Reliance Pharma Fund & Reliance MIP (Monthly Income Plan) Fund compare to all other schemes. pic CHAPTER Recommendation After analyze the Risk and Return of all the schemes of Reliance Mutual Fund & Open Ended Funds, I urge that the Reliance Pharma Fund & Reliance MIP (Monthly Income Plan) Fund for the low risk takers and Reliance Banking Fund & ICICI Prudential Discovery Fund for the high risk takers.These schemes gives the highest return but there is also high risk compare to other schemes included in Reliance Mutual Fund & Open Ended Funds. Those people invest in this schemes who believes that High Risk, High lucre. I also recommend that the SBI Magnum Balanced Fund and TATA Balanced Fund schemes are providin g less return & having high risk so there is highest risk to invest in these two schemes. pic Chapter 7 Bibliography ? www. mutualfundsindia. com/rankfund. rpt. asp ? http//www. personalfn. com/tools-and-resources/mutual-funds/nav-history. aspx ? http//www. indiainfoline. com/Aboutus/ ? http//www. reliancemutual. com/NAV/NAVDownload. aspx pic firmness ACKNOWLEDGEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS

Farm Size and Efficiency Comparative Profit Analysis

1. Introduction The badst and biggest contributor to Bangladeshs economy is the agricultural arna. Seen much as the unsung hero of our growth revolution, it still serves as the entirely about signifi asst industry in this country. In spite of its large component to employment, relatively speaking, its contribution to GNP falls short of expectations. Hence, as with separate developing countries, the kitchen-gardening empyrean in Bangladesh layabout be assort as predominantly being traditional.This implies that it is mainly comprised of small ho employholds that spite from technological stagnation, out of practice(predicate) labor, and supply strand and market linkage problems. In spite of this, a moderne land firmament does exists which enjoys substantial economies of scale. It is a well established point that with outgrowth in scale of output, dexterity increases up to an chooseimum point and this paper lead put this to the ladder by investigating whether th is holds lawful in the agriculture sector as well. 2. Problem statementIdeally, government policy should be directed towards increasing the subject matter of the traditional agriculture sector in order to trans plaster bandage it towards a more modern one. However, with a weak local government structure, lack of strategic planning and corruption, effective government support towards this sector idler non be expected. Even if policy makers could come up with viable policies to help pastoral grangers, it would be very lively as most of these countryfied enhanceers argon too small and dispersed in hostile areas. Thitherfore, any aggregate development would either fail in cost effectiveness or fail in implementations.This leads to the point that increase in farm size lacks to take place in the grassroots level This paper in that locationfore will look into the possibility of rural sodbusters joining together to pool in their special(a) technology, line of merchandise, la bor and skills to fulfill some form of economies of scale that can increase their efficiency and lower the costs. Such a frame release could be through in the style of a producers accommodative. An agriculture cooperative is a type of cooperative that unites agricultural producers for production or other activities needed by the members (such as processing, marketing of output, or supply of the instrument of production). An increase in efficiency can be totald to a mannikin of factors such as improvement in technology, more efficient use of land, increase in skilled labor etc. speckle mortal quanitative compend is beyond the scope of this paper, a single variable can be utilise to do a comparative analysis to down whether be to a cooperative, through which there would be an increase in farm size, actually lead to any increase in efficiency. In terms of the variable, net realize of individual farmers not belong to cooperatives and that of cooperatives will be used.Hence, a system can be developed at this point The hypothesis will therefore analyze the probability that belong to a co-op leads to increase in gelt holding output constant. 3. Literature Review There has been extensive work done farm size and efficiency, and agricultural cooperatives as an extension. Oduol and Hotta examined the effect of farm size on the productive efficiency of smallholder farms in a landscarce Embu district of Kenya.In particular, the teach seeks to establish the relationship between farmsize and deuce-ace components of productive efficiency, namely technical, scale and allocative efficiency, Farm size and Productive qualification Lessons from Smallholder Farms in Embu District, Kenya Judith Beatrice Auma ODUOL1*, Kazuhiko HOTTA2, Shoji SHINKAI2 and Masao TSUJI3 There has been extensive work done on cooperative causal agent in the agriculture sector by track academics.However, a point to be noted at the very out implant is that there is take up evidence of a lack of study in this field in the South Asia region. This is not only surprising but in addition indicates a clear need for research and investigation of this topic with a special focus on countrys like Bangladesh as South Asia is a primary producer of agricultural products. Assistant prof Richard J. Sexton, in his paper Factors critical to the success or failure of emerge agricultural cooperatives provides a powerful insight into the strength and limitations of the cooperative movement in general.He argues that a solid foundation in supply chain and market linkage is critical if agricultural cooperatives are to survive. Agricultural cooperatives and markets in developing countries by ANSCHEL, K. R. BRANNON, R. H. SMITH, E. D. treats the matter more specifically in consideration of developing countries. In his study, it was found that be to cooperative movement gives farmers a form of institutional support to carry out its production and marketing.Furthermore, a paper title d Revitalizing Market-Oriented Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia conducted in cooperation with USAIDs Cooperative Development Program by Tesfaye Assefa provides insightful analysis on a comparative study done on a developing, agriculture developing country resembling to Bangladesh. This study sheds light on the fact that developing countries are particularly in need of farmers receiving certain technical support in order to reduce their costs. frugalal analysis on this issue has been dealt with fairly in the text The economic theory of agrarian institutions, Bardhan, P.K. (eds. ). Oxford (United Kingdom) Oxford University Press, 1991. Finally, the future prospects and potential of the cooperative movement has been intercommunicate in the paper Future Roles for Agricultural Cooperatives by Peter Helmberger where he argued that agricultural cooperatives will take on a larger social occasion in the coming years with the rise in linkage with large food retailers. A paper title d AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES ROLE IN FOOD SECURITY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT investigated the link between the need for food aegis and the development of agricultural co-operatives.This is a highly weighty point as food security is seen as one of the study threats to the 21st century. The habit of cooperatives into only being a profit devising structure, but also a socially beneficial belong in terms of addressing the forefront of food security should not be interpreted lightly. This is especially true in a country like Bangladesh where the incumbent government is aggressively trying to address the problem of food security for one of the most densely populated countries.In terms of classifying the agriculture sector in a more academic sphere of economics, it can be deduced that a developing countrys agriculture sector is dissever into the traditional agriculture sector comprising of unskilled, self sufficient rural households and the modern agriculture sector consisting of a ca pital intensive, efficient, large scale producer. T. W. Schultz, in his paper highlighted the significance of transforming these traditional sectors into a more modern agriculture sectors and the possible consequences of these in the development process, Schultz T. W (1964),Transforming Traditional Agriculture, Yale University Press, New Haven. whizz of the underlying reasons for a larger farming structure in the form of cooperatives is the technological innovation that comes along with it. Bachman, K. L and Christensen highlighted the need to remove technological stagnation from the traditional agriculture sector in order to achieve long term development, Bachman, K. L and Christensen, R. P (1967), The Economics of Farm Size, in Southworth, H. M and Johnston, B. F. (eds), Agricultural Development and Economic Growth, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.Finally, Berry and Cline investigated the correlation coefficient in productiveness and farming structure and found there to be a pos itive trend between increased output and productivity levels, Berry, D. A. and Cline, W. R. (1979), Agrarian Structure and Productivity in Developing Countries, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. This study provided a case in point about the possible spot of cooperatives in making the traditional agriculture sector much more productive. 4. Study methodology Secondary info from the available records of Ferdous Biotech Pvt. Ltd, an agro-establish company based in Gazipur has been used to compile these statistics.The entropy has been derived from potato farmers that the company employs in the northern region of Bangladesh. Regional variations call for been held constant magical spell similar output levels have been selected between farmers belonging to co-ops and not belonging to them so that a single variable (profit) can be auditioned. Further assumptions have been made in terms of seasonal variability being marginal and fertility showing unremarkable changes. The entr opy was tabulated and statistic measures such as substitution tendencies, bar charts and hypothesis testing was undertaking to infer the data.SPSS software was used for most of the data analysis. It should be noted out that some of the data was filtered out delinquent to create an appropriate sample. 5. Descriptive statistical analysis As seen in the frequencydistribution table that in each corresponding household of data with holding output constant, the farmers belonging to co ops show a signficinant rise in cabbage as opposed to those not belonging to co ops. While there are certain variations, there are not signficant enough to be inferred as statistically inconsistent. A clear trend analysis of the data can be seen from the chart seen supra titlted Profitibality Study.For most data, belonging to to co-ops as signified by the blue bars shows a higher(prenominal) trend then the red bars indiciating profits by farmers not belonging to co ops. The measures of central tendency for these data show a significant variation. The middle determine for each profit level stands at 75650 and 73100 respectively with the highest frequency for each category (with co op and without co op) standing at 60050 and 42400 as well. The average profit shown by farmers belonging to co ops stands at 81590 while those opting out of co opt standing at 79986.These values clearly shows that belonging to a co op does lead to better off profits as seen by the higher central tendency values in each category. This can be extended to be proved through the lowest values and highest values also. The lowest value for farmers in co ops stand at 14000 while those for without co ops are at 12500. Corresponding higher values are at 160300 and 159200, with the range standing at 146300 and 73100 for co-ops and without co-ops respectively. In terms of the quartiles, Q1 stood at 42075 and 41450 for co-ops and without co-ops while Q3 stood at 121925 and 118050 respectively.It is worth noting at th is point that from central tendencies along, it can be inferred that consistently, farmers belonging to a larger farm size in terms of co-operatives show a higher profit levels than those not belonging to such co-operatives. However, there is significant dispersion in the data that can be seen through the standard deviation for each data set standing at 46106. 9 and 45687. 8 respectively. Dispersion between the data as used for the development of the confidence interval, the standard deviation here stands at 8636. 9.In terms of the confidence level the range is at -2556. 076 to 5763. 74 As stated in the problem statement the hypothesis will there test the probability that belonging to co-ops leading to increase in profit holding output constant. To analyze this, a hypothesis test was undertaken using SPSS and the results are presented below Hypothesis T-Test One-Sample Statistics NMeanStd. DeviationStd. Error Mean meshing With Co-ops3081590. 166746106. 984718417. 94519 net Withou t Co-ops3079986. 333345687. 855448341. 42301 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 tdfSig. 2-tailed)Mean Difference Profits With Co-ops9. 69229. 00081590. 16667 Profits Without Co-ops9. 58929. 00079986. 33333 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0 95% say-so Interval of the Difference LowerUpper Profits With Co-ops64373. 535698806. 7977 Profits Without Co-ops62926. 207797046. 4589 It is clear from the above results that with the think of for co-ops consistently being higher than that of profits of farmers not belonging to co-ops that the hypothesis cannot be rejected. Therefore, belonging to co-ops does tend to show a higher favorableness than in absence of it. . Summary The test results clearly demonstrate that belonging to co ops show a significant increase in profits. While there are certain variations in the data, these could be due to miscalculations due to large number of sample data or through farmers misinterpretation of market calculations as well. There are instead a few justificatio ns for the results that have been shown. Clearly belonging to such co ops increases the technical capacity of the farmers to achieve lower costs and higher revenues leading to increase in profits.Through marketing economies of scale, they are able to sell at a better rate while their technical economies such as specialization and indivisibility of capital allows them to achieve the lower costs as stated above. In conclusion the data clearly supports the hypothesis that belonging to co-ops is a much better option for farmers then not doing so. This leaves us with the question in terms of farm size and efficiency, is there a habit for the cooperative movement? While the tests results clearly show hat belonging to co-operatives leads to an increase in profit, this point comes with strong qualifications because a profit function in itself cannot be used to make absolute inferences regarding efficiency. This is especially true due to the fact that most of the agrarian households belong to the traditional sector and as discussed earlier, they suffer from certain problems such as technological stagnation, unskilled labor and lack of capital. These serve as a major bar towards achieving efficiency.While belonging to cooperatives whitethorn bring in certain economies of scale which may mitigate some of these problems, the underlying problem of transforming the traditional agricultural sector a modern one would need much more than just formation of co-operatives. It requires extensive long term technological and financial investment by the government and the non government sector. There is no doubting the role of agriculture in the economy of Bangladesh, but with regards to the extent to which it can contribute to an ever modernizing economy is up for debate.Appendix I Output (Kgs) Profit (Co-ops)Profit (Without Co-ops) 2001400012500 2501750016300 3001880017500 3502320021300 4002780026800 4503210031050 5003750038600 5504360042400 6004820042400 6505340052100 7005960 060050 7506005062300 8006005064700 8506890066300 9007350070000 9507780076200 10008340084000 10508900087060 11009750096000 115010010598030 1200110500105500 1250115600110300 1300120300117200 1350126800120600 1400130100125200 1450141500139300 1500147300148200 1550152400151300 1600156900157200 1650160300159200