Consumer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer behaviour - Assignment ExampleTrue to pots case, he had a need for replacing the television he had lost due to burglary. He got an insurance compensation, and this therefore, put him at the point of need to find another television set. Mr John explains that he could not imagine staying any longer in that state of boredom without getting a TV set, and this prompted him to think of how to capture one. Need recognition entails identifying the need, which he or she has to action. This marks the beginning of the buying mathematical process. Notably, the denomination of the need is the foundation of the buying process, since the customer has to satisfy an existing need. In this case, the desire to watch movies or TV programs was the process of the need recognition that led to the identification of T.V as the only thing that would satisfy the need to watch movies and programs and reduce boredom. Notably, need recognition is the most significant stage of the buying process becau se without a need there is no purchase.The second step involves the reckon for relevant information on the result identified that can satisfy the need. In this case, the customer looks around to identify the best product that would satisfy the need (Singh, 2007). Notably, the customer seeks for the best product in the market that would solve their problem. In this case, the depend for relevant information would involve a search for information on TV sets from distinct manufacturers in the market. Most customers search for information through friends, relatives, adverts, the internet and catalogs and other booklets (Armstrong, 2009).In his response on whether he searched for various products before settling on Sony T.V, he acknowledged that he browsed the internet in search of different models and brands. He gave the reason for this as the fact that he did not want to buy the aforesaid(prenominal) model he had lost to burglary since its spare parts were not readily available at t he local electronic shops.

Human status in regards to Aristotle and Kant Research Paper

Human status in regards to Aristotle and Kant - look for Paper Exampleonal ideas of separation of domain into various groups by the nature or in Gods willing Greeks and barbarians, elected and not elected, devout and not devout, civilized and uncivilized etc. The aspiration to prove the iodine of the human race was always resisted by aristocratic, hierarchical, nationalist, racial, class and other theories. Understanding of mankind, and, therefore, the general concept of a person was finally developed only in the XIX century. All the second grade theories micturate one common feature some part of mankind is recognized as superior. However, there upright theories, which allow us to understand the real essence of humans and their status in this world in the given work two ingests on humans status will be considered the view of Kant and the view of Aristotle.German classical philosophical system is presented by such thinkers as I. Kant, I. Fichte, F. Schelling and G. Hegel, who lived and worked at the end of eighteen - the premier half of the XIX centuries. One of the main tasks of the German classical philosophy is to overcome the contradictions of XVIIXVIII centuries philosophy, which was expressed in opposition to rationalism and empiricism, exaggeration of a role of innate(p) sciences and excessive optimism of Enlightenment. This sweat is characterized by the revival of post in history, art, mythology, as well as by the criticism of lifelike science direction in modern philosophy. All these are caused by a great interest to the problem of a person put in a new way. The German classical philosophy replaced an individual ideal of free identity of Renaissance by the collective ideal of free mankind expressed by the ideas of Enlightenment and the slogans of The Great French revolution. Protestantism is the religious fundamental of German classical philosophy.In Kants work there are two periods critical and subcritical. During the subcritical period (1 756-1770) the interests of Kant were mainly connected with logical problems and natural

Considering the Most Comprehensive Method of Handling Information Research Paper

Considering the Most Comprehensive Method of Handling Information Security - Research writing ExampleThere atomic number 18 numerous businesses today that place most of their nurture in electronic computer systems. Hospitals, the military, the government and many other small enterprises use them. This information could be detrimental to the club if it was accessed by the public hence the need for information security. It is quite common to find that certain businesses usually experience the names of their employees, their salaries, bank account details in their computer systems. On top of this, one may find that other firms place their client details, sales information and marketing information in their informationbase. In the event that some of this information is lost, destroyed or compromised in any way, then the given company testament be hampered from going about their daily operations. It should be noted that software protection with virus protection or through the im position of firewalls alone cannot be enough to solve the information security problem. There should be set procedures and systems within any one given organisation that will facilitate the process of efficient data protection. Information systems are distributed in lead main parts. These are software, hardware and communications. This implies that any sort of information security systems must be applied in the three realms. It must also be made in such a way that it cuts across the physical, organisational and the personal. Procedures and policies unremarkably used for these systems are those ones that apply to computer operators, users and administrators. It should be noted that information security applies to all types of data it may be electronic data, print data or even other forms. Because of the wide thought of information security, it has now become a career field on its own.

Approve or disapprove each proposal and provide your reasons such as Research Paper

Approve or disapprove each proposal and reserve your reasons much(prenominal) as costs, benefits and ethical issues raised in relation to your recommendation to Approve or freeze off - Research Paper ExampleIf any nonpareil has ever heard of the Tuskegee experiment, or the kind experiment performed on Guatemalans by infecting them with STDs, one knows the dangers that can be inherent upon experimenting on peoplewhich may abound. This interrogation will get the picture into whether the proposed research and cost, the experimental group and benefits, and the control group and ethics are balanced in experimenting with human subjects.Your committee is the State University IRB. Dr. Jones is interested in the effect of stress on performance on the McCord password Test. She feels that the riddle, which is very widely used in public schools, gives misleadingly low scores to kids under stress.The proposed research is about how stress affects student performances on the McCord intellig ence test. However, one of the difficulties with such a test is the carriage in which the experiment was conducted. In order to measure stressinstead of having one group told they had failed and having one group told they had passedthat would not fork out factored in to stress as much as other shipway of testing this. For example, the experimental group could have been given various stressing tasks to do before the testsuch as writing a timed essaywhile the other group, the control group, would not have to write such an essay before being tested. This would more effectively test the results of stress on students taking tests, some of whom may either underperform on assessments or might have apprehension problems. These people tend not to score well.She wants to divide her subjects (college students) into two groups of 20 each. All subjects will lift out a bogus pretest and will be given their results. The experimental group will be told that they failed the test and that it is surprising that they were able to do well enough in high school to get into college.The benefits of the report card do not

Personal Statement + Answering a Question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

+ Answering a ca launch - Personal Statement ExampleI was overwhelmed with joy after securing admission into North Seattle College to study for an concord Business (AB) degree. My success in high school meant a lot to me and to my family as well. It was the first cadence I was in overseas country after securing a scholarship to study abroad absent from home. I worked so hard to ensure I triumphed in the business school in allege to secure a possible scholarship to further my studies. However, a fateful event happened one betimes morning as I was rushing to class to prepare for my first end of semester exam.I had on the button alighted the bus and was preparing to cross the road and walk into the school compound when I saw a travel SUV screech to a halt at the forefront of a computer sales shop. Two masked gunmen emerged from the vehicle and ran into the shop. A few spots later, they ran back into the vehicle and sped off. Whereas I could figure out a looting had just happen ed, I could not imagine that the shop attendant was already hurt. It was a critical moment for me because I was torn between rushing to school and prepare for my exams or help the badly injured person.In a flash of a second, I remembered a court case where a proffer had been mistaken as a murderer because his fingerprints were found on a dead mans body. The case had lasted for more than five years until the man was finally cleared of the murder charges and the real murderers put in jail. However, I could see the collapsed man was bleeding profusely and had lost consciousness. Being an early morning, thither was hardly anybody passing by. At that moment, I had two choices, save a life and compromise my grades in college or just run to school and leave the man helpless. Additionally, I could think of the after make of helping the person. The police would take my valuable college time through endless interrogations, as I would be a key witness.I resolved to

State mental health care management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

State intellectual health assist management - Term Paper ExampleHowever, there atomic number 18 those states that gather in adopted a worldly concern mental health plow system so that it conforms to their already established common systems. As there is no standardized way of offering public mental health care across state lines, many problems dress up with the individualized systems. Generally, success for such a system can only be guaranteed by particular planning and the careful use of public resources. The planning process should be inclusive of all stakeholders and opposite interest groups. Medicaid now caters for over 41 million individuals from low-income backgrounds. Its main aim is to provide funding for mental healthcare and all other healthcare. However, the amount that is used up in the provision of mental healthcare is dwarfed by the amount of other types of healthcare. Managed care of disabilities was expanded by the government to include mental healthcare a m ove that has been lauded by some quarters and termed as controversial by others. Decision makers at heart the state have however disputed both divides but instead have cited that cost alter across the expanded systems will inevitably worsen the current situation. In the same instance, it may undertake costs as ultimately, those that were institutionalized for 24 hours may be held on lesser times and newfangled problems may be unearthed that may be state related and not necessarily representative of the farming as a whole. Discussion The management of public mental healthcare has had some positive reports. Among the changes that have been noted is the increased access to a wide array of people, the expansion in the number of operate that are provided, the consistency in care and decision making due to centralized care support by the formulation of specific goals, increased accountability and emphasis on the positive outcomes and decrease in the use of inpatient care which may not be necessitated. Public state officials in topical anaesthetic government authorities who are charged with the planning and implementation of appropriate public mental healthcare have encountered a number of problems despite the many gains that they have realized. The public care is too pore on the care of acute cases such that they are thin on resources aimed at rehabilitation and equal services that could guarantee the long-term functionality of those people with relatively better mental conditions. The use of Medicaid applies to those people who are contracted under this system and it means that there are many people who are not encompassed in the program. There is also a problem that is associated with billing and receiving payments from people that have been served during the initial distinguish up of the program. Finally, since it is difficult to measure the outcomes of care that has been given, it is very hard to guarantee consistency in a range of regions as the feed back is not forthcoming. In an attempt to change the way that public mental healthcare is offered, practitioners have encountered a limitation in the form of the organizational structure and the finances availed. The expectations of the public and the common practices in public healthcare also largely shape the eventual outcomes of the programs provided. The focus of decision makers is on how to customize public mental healthcare so that it is outcome oriented and offers the customers high quality care consistently. Just like all other management decisions, there is need for elaborate planning including on the nose goals and

The history of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The history of art - Essay ExampleAncient Roman architecture consists of elements like paintings, mosaics and statues do up of concrete and cement. One chief feature of ancient Roman architecture was the construction of burial vault in the ceiling or roof. The vaults can be semicircular in shape (barrel vault) or rounded (groin vault). The two most common posts used by the Roman artists in their works were the linear perspective and the atmospheric perspective. Another technique that was mastered by the Romans was chiaroscuro or the strong contrasts between light and dark. A very good execution of the same can be seen in the painting Still manners with Peaches. The use of a garden scape is yet another feature of Roman wall paintings. The tomb of the Reliefs and The Tomb of the Leopards are two of the most well-known tombs of Tarquinia. Sarcophagus from Cerveteri is an Etruscan sculpture depicting a married brace together in the afterlife. The four styles of Roman painting are Masonry Style, Illusionistic Style, Ornate Style and Realistic Style. In sculpture, the equestrian statue, or the statue of a rider mounted on a horse, was very popular. An example is the equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius. The Capitoline Wolf is a bronze figure of a female wolf feeding her two infants, inspire by the myth of the founding of Rome. Such female personification is another dominant trait of in one case Roman sculpture. Most of the famous historic buildings and archaeological sites in Italy can be found in Colosseum and Pantheon.

Video Review Control Room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Video come off Control Room - Essay ExampleIt clearly narrates the motives behind that information gathering and the way the reporters of the intelligence operation agency strived to present it. The documentary also presents the motives that the US army had created behind the attack that they planned on Iraq. CHANGE OF PERCEPTION ON THE WAR ON IRAQ. The documentary highlighted quite a few ranks that I, as general cosmos was unaware of earlier. It may also have owed to the propaganda by the US dominated intelligence operation agencies that the side of the story narrated by the video under discussion was earlier not known to the masses. The nevertheless way a person from the general public would look at the war was just what was enforce upon them by the American Media. The video shows that the American media created a hype before the invasion. The military used its democracys media to tell the general public that Saddam Hussain was a threatening figure. The video narrated that r compensatege was bring on in the American public by increasing the level of danger sometimes from yellow to chromatic and then to danger level. These terminologies convinced the general public of the USA that what their president was authorizing was just the very office thing to be done at the moment. Thus, the overall scene before the initiation of war was that the American public got threatened from the existence of Saddam Hussain. He was portrayed as being capable of possessing and operational weapons of mass destruction that was a threat to the United States of America and to the entire world on the whole. It was even propagated that Saddam could give those weapons of mass destruction to Osama bin Laden or to anyone else. Instead of letting the American public realize what war actually meant and what was the exact meaning of attacking a Sovereign area the propaganda overshadowed their realization. This video, on the other hand told the other side of the story. It told clea rly that the Americans formulated information in a manner that it would go in their promote. As quoted by an Al-Jazeera spokesman, We want to show that every war has a human cost. We are Arabs worry them. We are Muslims like them we are with the common Iraqi man. We care for them. (Control room, 2008) The point of view about the Iraq-US war has changed in the perspective that thousands of innocent people including women and children both. Thousands of people lost their homes. legion(predicate) innocent of civilian families died. All this was done at the cost of enforcing democracy and that too, for the public that was being complimentary of their very basic right of shelter and food. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE VIDEO. The weaknesses of the video are the weaknesses of the nerve itself. The organization was an Arab based organization Owing to that they had an emotional attachment with the Iraqi nation as a whole. Though not slanting in favor of the Saddam regime the reporter s and other team members of Al-Jazeera had their hearts connected to the civilian public that were under the American oppression. Thus they can be termed as being biased in favor of the Iraqi common man. As quoted in the earlier part of the document a spokesman of the Al-Jazeera network quoted that since he was born in Iraqi and grew up in Iraq he had his heart with the Iraqis and recognized well what they talked like and how they felt. In line of the American military and government however, the weaknesses of the organization were that they weren

Assignment 1.. IDENTITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 1.. IDENTITY - Essay Exampledefined as an savage that can say I, that can be aw atomic number 18 of himself as a separate entity. In this case art object has to make decisions in congener to his awareness of himself and his surrounding neighbours as assorted persons. Thus, Fromm (1966) posits that the deprivation for relatedness, rootedness and transcendence forms a very strong identity background that is vital and is often imperative for any man to be able to identify himself in society. Different pot often hail from different cultural backgrounds hence the nonion of identity helps these people determine their way of behaviour in relation to others with a different identity.In simple terms, identity can be referred to as the corporal case of the set of characteristics by which an individual or any other thing is definitely recognizable or known. The underlying principle is the sense of being a unique individual, distinct from others or of belonging to a certain group which obviously has different values from another group. There are several factors that are taken into consideration in the creation of identity. These include shared culture, shared values, shared symbols as well(p) as class and gender structures in some instances. All these factors often give rise to what is termed collective identity. According to Popper (1963), collective identity would therefore, refer to a certain group of people who share the same(p) cultural values and behaviour as well.Thus, in light of the above argument, Mukherjees case is not in any way totally divorced from the notion of identity. Basically, she identifies herself with the Hindu culture which defines the identity of the people in Calcutta, India in several ways. First and foremost, she grew up in a patriarchal society where man was always above woman. In this case, all decisions of substance were the sole responsibility of men. The neighborhood was also perfectly Hindu where identity was fixed a nd often derived from their own religion, language and caste.

Catholic Mass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catholic Mass - Essay ExampleThis in my in truth immoral opinion made the whole experience awesome.I can relate so many religious rites that go by throughout the mass. They occur in four different parts. The first one is gathering, look oned by storytelling, meal communion and commissioning (Richstatter, 1989). At the very beginning, gathering rites happen. With this, members have to head to the church to form a assembly or a gathering. This is when mass takes place. At the entrance, there are ushers who gladly welcome everybody. Should they realize the strawman of a new person, they guide you on how to carry yourself. They also give you missalettes that can help you to follow the mass and find it easy and enjoyable to participate in the celebration. A very common ritual that happens at the beginning of the entrance is the use of holy weewee to bless you. Catholics believe that the holy water acts as a reminder of baptism. This is why they have to do this severally time as a sign of renewing the promise made during baptism.Having explained the rituals that happen in the first part, I find them very much important in our daily lives. We meet strangers daily in our lives. Giving them a nimble welcome(Richstatter, 1989) determines how comfortable they feel when around you. This ritual has a great connection to the doctrines and the daily teachings of the Catholic Church. This is because it teaches and familiarizes members on the importance of being ready for each other. Since these rituals occur one after another, it is nice to relate them to each because they occur under the first part. We sin daily in our lives and find it difficult to be joyless of the sins before God. Through the ritual of using holy water at the main entrance is a sign getting together to God before the mass begins.A belief is worth practicing. This is so evident in the Catholic Church. They keenly imitate the happenings that Jesus Christ did all the way from the dying supper to th e day he rose from the dead. This shows a great

WWII Inventions and Innovations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WWII Inventions and Innovations - Essay ExampleOne back tooth only begin to imagine where the world would be now if WWII had not happened. The innovations that solvinged from WWII be quite momentous and still present in groundbreaking society. Some signifi tidy sumt events that took place during WWII that have impacted my animateness as well as the lives of more some condemnations go unnoticed but not forgotten. Women took on a fresh role in society and men fought for freedom. New weapons were created as well as the means for new engineering science. Hitlers power was defeated and the Japanese went against the odds and make a strike attack on Pearl Harbor. This attack began the start of the war and America bombed two Japanese territories that unblemished the war. The end of the war also marked a milestone in history as this started a new way of life for many. The role of women is one of the most innovative and long running changes that can still be mindn in modern society as result of WWII. When WWII began women had a role that left-hand(a) them expressage to taking care of the home, children and husband. These roles women had made their presence in the work field limited and their motivation to step up in society low. WWII made it necessary for men to go to war. This meant that the men would be leaving the home and the women were then forced with the burden to take care of everything that they were once before limited too. With many men off to war but the production of war supplies at an all time high, women were encouraged to step up and go to work. Many women not only worked like men once did, but women were also enlisting in the war. The government helped force this upon women with the use of advertising. Many billboards and posters were placed for women to see that encouraged them to step up in society. This is known in history as Rosie the Riveters. The events that WWII had on women and their new role in society have affected lives even to t his day. Women are still working many jobs alongside men as well as taking care of the household. Women are more forthright and honored for their many achievements. Without WWII, the role of women in society would not be as flourished as it is because of the result of WWII. The government was also able to use this as a way to investigate the affects that the trade media has on others. The response to the advertising toward women was so successful that the government was able to gain power through motivation. Weapons and technology that were invented during WWII are also employ today and can be seen as building blocks for other weapons and technical advances. The medical field, weaponry and converses have come a long way since WWII but without advances made in WWII, many may not have been possible. Weapons and military advancement that have impacted modern day life and helped to advance the war include new ships and guns, the use of navigation and espionage and the rise in factor y work this created. Many countries were constantly developing new ways that allowed them to take on a more powerful stance during WWII. Medical advancements developed during WWII helped many survive injuries and are still used today. Although drugs such as penicillin were created before WWII the need was high for those in the front lines of war. What this meant was that penicillin needed to be mass produced and stored efficiently so that it could be beneficial. The ability to mass produce and distribute penicillin has impacted lives today. Pharmaceutical companies are now able to better keep up with the demand of many medicines that each one of us use every day. Communication as a result of WWII has made many impacts. These impacts include allowing communication to be as advanced as it now is. The results are the

Marketing Strategies of P&G Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Strategies of P&G - Case Study usageWhen Lafley entered the scene in 2000, he stressed that the company must concentrate on what it sells well rather than build new products. However the company diversified and brought in novel brands into the market through discordant mergers and acquisitions. After Lafley entered the scene, P&G made the largest acquisitions ever in the year 2001 as it purchased Clairol for $5 billion. It likewise agreed to purchase Germanys Wella. Other companies that joined P&G included Intuit Inc, Clorox Co., SpinBrush (brainchild of four entrepreneurs from Cleveland), Coke, Wrigley Co. to flesh a few. The old idea that all of P&Gs products come from its laboratories was challenged and Lafley brought in more products from outside, a system that did wonders for the company. As buying best-selling innovation is a difficult business P&G relied on testing products at Wal-Mart for customer response. With its feet firmly on ground with a range of brands , now P&G is likely to invest in businesses of pharmaceuticals and beauty care (considerably weak areas of P&G).The leadership scheme of P&G reflects a lot of qualities of its leader, Lafley strong, silent and pioneering. Whether the brand was made within P&G or acquired, it was ensured that it was not just good quality, but also novel in its line.

The implications of erecting additional Transmission Lines in New Assignment

The implications of erecting additional Transmission Lines in bare-assed Zealand by Trans effect - Assignment ExampleIt, therefore, runs the topic conveying grid for the country (MacInnes, 2011). The national grid is a centralized system that allows proper and organized distribution of power to the New Zealand inhabitants with reliability. The system is such that it regulates the transfer of training of electricity and prevents kneadation of people (Action, 2011). The current state law disallows any attempts by the company to exploit people. This regulation is present in the commerce act, which commenced early last year. The New Zealand regime has a righteousness of conducting a review after a specified period, which aims at ensuring proper power prices (MacInnes, 2011). Through the formula allowed to the company by the country government, Transpower performed distribution of electricity. The company improved efficiency of power conveyance in the country. The regime allows a re gulated a mount of revenue collection by the company by performing desired controls (Action, 2011). In order for the company to perform well, it seeks assistance from the government. The government at quantify offers financial assistance to the company to aid the widening of the national grid. The company provides succinct plans for improving the national grade, which earns it a government endorsement for collecting revenue. The plans must be convincing to the government to allow the predication that the company presents (MacInnes, 2011). 2.0 Overview of the national grid of New Zealand Figure 1 The electricity grid in inelegant New Zealand, Retrieved on 6Th May 2012 from Transpower company owns the grid which is over 11000 Km in length. It conveys lines having spirited current plus voltage. The power conveyance in the entire country occurs via over 175 station constructed by Transpower Company at different areas (Luke, Kearins & Verreynne, 2010). The construction of the statio ns is strategic in order to practise the needs of the population in different regions. Since the source of power is hydroelectric, stations for producing electricity are explicit respectable large water bodies, usually, in the southern regions of New Zealand (Luke et al., 2010). The northern parts of New Zealand make up a higher power need than other regions hence long distance conveyance is evident. binding the distance from the south to the northern regions is expensive. However, the commercial commission works in conjunction with the Transpower Company in order to perform proper plans for conveying electricity to needing areas (Action, 2011). Figure 2 Te Uku wind power project near Hamilton, New Zealand, Retrieved on 6Th May 2012 from 2.1 Background of power generation in New Zealand In New Zealand, the first power station lied in Bullendale region near Otago. There existed a mining centre in the region, which the power generation aimed to serve (Luke et al., 201

Appraisal Form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Appraisal Form - Assignment slipThe sales and marketing, IT and financial departments are the most crucial to the companys objectives. However, the survey revealed that employees in those departments intent that they are underpaid, overworked, deserve better wages and working hours than they receive now. The organisation has thitherfore decided to care an approximation to determine the best way forward. The problem is known, now it is time to come up with the solutions. An estimation would be the best approach to creating a remedy.The appraisal will take place from January 2015 to February 2015. The employees will be informed beforehand prior to the commencement of their holidays, and they will be judge to avail themselves on the fix date. Informing the employees beforehand is important in preparing them for the task ahead by informing them on their expected roles in the process and the possible outcomes. Ide solelyy, the appraisal should have been conducted in the month of De cember 2014, but there is little allowance for preparation by the company and the employees.The appraisal will take place all(prenominal) week between January and February, and will include all the relevant processes and exercises that are intended to make the hale exercise a success. Various processes and sub-processes will guide the exercise from the beginning to the end, and will be conducted base on set guidelines and objectives. Employees from the relevant departments will be expected to be available in all sessions unless they have valid reasons to abstain (Stapczynski, 201426). All the employees who abstain because of unavoidable circumstances will join the sessions at later dates and will continue taking part in the process until they complete all the sessions.The appraisal should be conducted by the human resource (HR) department of the organisation, with assistance from other departments

( individual Posters presentation ) for my project Speech or

( individual Posters ) for my project - Speech or founding ExampleEach poster must include a. Customer Service and Demand Management The reapings of Al ain mineral water organisation is not without competition. Thus, to remain competitive in the marketplace, Al Ain must excessively extend exceptional customer receipts in addition to the high whole step and ready availability of their products. The crave side of the product is constant since water is an inelastic demand. It basalt that the product that of Al Ain will always have a demand regardless of market condition because the market or its customers cannot live without water. It does not mean however that the company should be complacent in meeting this demand because if Al Ain fails to deliver its product, the competition will instead take its place and that would mean lost business for the company and will erode its market share. Demand counsel and customer service must come together to keep Al Ain relevant in the ma rket. This means that Al Ain must have enough products to satisfy the customers while providing its customers with exceptional customer service to gain ground loyalty to their brand. b. Inventory Management Al Ain mineral products must be readily usable to the customers through its effective supply chain. It is not enough that the company has a good product unless also has to ensure that their products reach the customer by keeping sufficient inventory to match the demand. only when in doing so, it must not also overwhelm its inventory because large inventory will welcome additional holding cost. In the case of Al Ain, they manage the number of inventory by unified the holding cost that will be incurred by stocking up with the ordering cost to determine the pattern quantity of their inventory. The ideal number of inventory must be enough to satisfy the anticipated demand without keeping too many products in the inventory. By maintaining an effective inventory anxiety, Al Ain also reduces other costs much(prenominal) as unnecessary transportation cost and holding cost. It is important to measure that the tone cycle of Al Ains products is less than 6 weeks so the company places its reorder in the fifth week to avoid selling spoiled products to the customers. c. Sourcing and Supply Management Supply management includes those processes which involve manufacturing the product to delivering it in the market which in the case of Al Ain mineral products, procural of the water from the mountains and the fruits for its Capri Sun fruit drink. The bottled mineral water product lines have a straightforward procurement system because they not have to deal with a third spoty vendor since water is a product and fruits are products of nature. These resources must be use at its optimum to create a product that will bring optimum profit to the organization. It could also add value in the process such as the inclusion of flavoured water and added fluoride and calcium water in its product line not sightly to offer variety to its customers but also to optimize the products that can be made with the available supply. The life cycle of these stocks is not more than 6 weeks (Shauter & Theillio, 2006). In the fifth week of the inventory cycle the organization used to place reorder in order to utilize the time of distribution. The reason why a reorder has to be made in the fifth week as part of supply management to ensure that there will be available products when customer needs it without overwhelming its inventory. As part of its supply management, Al A

PERFORMANCE ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PERFORMANCE ASSIGNMENT - Essay ExampleIntel Company is a proficient bon ton that deals mainly with electronic appliances supplying to customers in different countries. Economically, the company contributes towards the countrys revenue through the sale of its products and also through the provision of the energy-saving and cost-saving products. This helps in improving the economy and also to mitigate the standards of living for the citizens. Socially, Intel Company is involved in various activities that are aimed at rewarding the customers and the community at large.Sustainability executing reporting refers to the evaluation of a companys performance based on the economic, sociable and environmental pointors that affect the business on its day to day operations. A report on sustainability of a company also provides the core values that govern its operations and also its corporate social responsibility. Sustainability performance reporting is a very crucial fit in any organizat ion due to the fact that it assists in change management with an aim of achieving a sustainable economy one that encompasses the profitability aspect with the ethical, social and environmental aspects. Financial performance reporting on the other hand, refers to the determination of various fiscal aspects assets, liabilities and the equity capital. These factors are vital in pecuniary reporting. When reporting the financial performance of a company various financial statements are considered, an income statement reports on the gains or losses made in a given year. A balance sheet also known as the statement of financial stick shows the companys assets and debts and it also shows the ability of the company to use its assets in settling its liabilities. Another financial statement is the statement of cash flows which report the companys cash inflows and outflows.Sustainability and financial performance reporting are both useful in analyzing how

Interventions for Maternal and Child Health in Nepal Essay Example for Free

Interventions for Maternal and Child Health in Nepal proveMacro- and micro-nutrient malnutrition is a major public health problem and a key factor in find out unwholesomeness and mortality. Its cardinal determinants imply poverty, education, sanitation, climate, food production, cultural norms, and accessibility and quality of health c ar. Pregnant women and unsalted children are particularly at risk owing to the extra nutritional demands of rapid growth.Malnutrition is the direct courtship of approximately 300,000 deaths per year (Muller Krawinkel, 2005), and a contributing factor in over a third 3.5 millionof all child deaths annually (Horton, 2008). These deaths are largely preventable. For infants, there is a golden interval for discourse from pregnancy to 2 years, during which cleansements in nutritional status can throw long-lasting benefits (Horton, 2008). Strong associations last between enate and child undernutrition and trim backd adult economic product ivity and other negative outcomes (Victoria et al., 2008). era Nepal has recently demonstrated progress toward improving general enate and child health (MCH), there are still opportunities to further improve nutritional status of mothers and children. This paper examines and makes recommendations about noises that have the potential to improve maternal and child nutritional status in Nepal.The interventions discussed in this paper address the underlying ca determinations of nutrition-related maternal and child mortality and morbidity, as outlined by the UNICEF Conceptual framework for maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity (UNICEF, 2008), and are organized based on the period of intervention, including antenatal care, delivery care, and post-partum and early childishness care.Antenatal care Within the antenatal period of development, maternal supplementation has been one of the most examine interventions. Evidence is strongest in support of maternal supplementation of mul tiple micronutrients, calcium, and iron-folic acid. Given the staggering rates of micronutrient deficiencies among large(predicate) Nepali women and the low-spirited cost of supplementation, maternal supplementation of multiple micronutrients, calcium and iron-folic acid is gamely recommended.These micronutrients have a range of benefits, including reduction of maternal anemia, maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia, hypertension, puerperal infection, and low birthweight (LBW). This paper also examines the try out around maternal smoking cessation interventions because of the extraordinary potential for impact of such programs in a population where smoking rates among women are high and knowledge about negative outcomes associated with smoking is low and because maternal smoking cessation appears to have not been a focus of government and other programs in Nepal. However, there is a lack Executive Summary iof solid evidence to suggest that a particular intervention to reduce maternal smoking could be both effective and efficient in developing countries.Delivery care This paper also examines interventions during delivery that can have an impact on nutritional status. Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) play a crucial role in decreasing nenonatal and maternal mortality during delivery. They also dispense advice regarding antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care, including nutrition and diet, breastfeeding, and immunizations. One important aspect of training for TBAs, as well as other health professionals, is the advance of delayed umbilical cord clamping. Due to the high rates of anemia and iron deficiency in children, delayed cord clamping is a critical intervention because it is a cost-efficient way to improve hematologic status, increase blood volume, and decrease anemia in infancy.Post-partum and early childhood care Finally, nutritional interventions in the post-partum and early childhood period can reduce childhood morbidity and mortality and ensure that children are developing in a healthy way. This arm of the paper focuses on the promotional material of breastfeeding, infant and child vitamin A supplementation and growth monitoring and promotion (GMP). There exists decades of research showing that breastfeeding is a highly effective strategy to reduce all-cause mortality, diarrheal morbidity and mortality, and the risk of gastrointestinal infections and respiratory infections. There is a wealth of empirical data supporting the promotion of breastfeeding in developed and developing countries alike.Vitamin A supplementation for infants and young children has already been successful in Nepal, and it should tarry a priority there. Vitamin A supplementation is associated with reductions in night-blindness, Bitots spots, xerophthalmia, and severe morbidity and mortality from pathogenic diseases, and when given before certain immunizations, it can enhance the immune response to the immunizations, making them more effective. Also, the use of GMP, measuring and charting the growth of children and using this information to counsel parents to motivate behaviors that promote growth, provides a cost-effective probability to identify growth issues before severe malnutrition manifests.For summary information on recommended interventions, refer to the one-page briefs later this Executive Summary.The interventions examined in this paper collectively have an enormous potential for impact in Nepal. At the same time, it is important to consider some of the challenges and feasibility concerns that these interventions may face. These mayExecutive Summaryinclude access to and utilization of antenatal care and other health services the status of the health dodging infrastructure financial resource availability, and cultural considerations. Also, while these recommended interventions can be successful in addressing the underlying causes of malnutrition-related morbidity and mortality, long-term solutions for improving materna l and child nutritional status must address the basic causes, such as political, economic and social conditions.While challenges and other considerations exist, the interventions recommended have the potential to make a real and lasting impact in Nepal by reducing the burden of nutrition-related morbidity and mortality. These interventions are cost-effective tools that should be central to any plan to create a bright and healthy future coevals in Nepal.

The Wizard of Oz as a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free

The wizardly of Oz as a Fairy Tale hearFor hundreds of years, parents have been enthr all(prenominal)ing children with stories of magic and wishes coming true. Fairy rehearsals are passed from iodin generation to the next by dint of oral tradition, and, in modern propagation, books. As various societies develop, nance tales are changed to fit the needs and morals those societies want to impress upon their children. Thus, the style and content of a cigaret tale is directly affected by the social attitudes of a particular society at a particular time. Jack Zipes adopts and assumes the witching(prenominal) folk tale is the oral version and the song and dance the literary version of a tale when he describes the rise of the coffin nailtale in the Western world as the mass-mediated cultural form of the folktale (Zipes 15). Fairy tales include greenness themes, motifs, story lines, and characters that aid in the protagonists working towards a common aspiration. In the st art-off chapter of his book, Swiss scholar Max Luthi identifies fourteen characteristics that are vital to the unique classification of a sissy tales as demarcated from other forms of childrens literture.With the help of these distinctive structural and stylistic features, Frank L. Baums novel, The Wizard of Oz can be classified within the boundaries of the fairy tale. The Wizard of Oz, like so many fairy tales, naturally has cultural, social, and political undertones interwoven within the text. Virtually all of Baums characters and magical land denote to specific cultural or socio-political event of the time.Contemporary social issues are unconsciously rolled into the theoretical account of the story like the yellow brick road and the bills slippers that both symbolize the influence of the gold and silver debate prominent in Baums time. Baum lifts phrases almost directly from Grimm. In The Wizard of Ozshe wished the girl to await with her to do the cooking and cleaning (Baum 2 7) is similar to the witches request if Gretel in Hansel and Gretel when she says, I want you to fetch both(prenominal) water and cook your brother something nice (Grimm 53).Dorothy also states to the Scarecrow, If you come with me Ill ask Oz to do all he can for you(Baum 22). Which is reminiscent to the donkeys words in the Grimms The Bremen Town Musicians (Grimm 96)The basic biz of this tale is similar to The Wizard of Oz in that a group of helpers accompany a hero and wont their specific skills to achieve a quest. Baum does not forget to include several classic airytale motifs seven unify boots are replaced with silver slippers that take the wearer any place his or her hearts desires and the classic object utilize three times to summon a helper is represented by the golden cap that is employ to call upon the winged monkeys three times. The motifs appearance in this story demonstrates how often similar motifs are re-used in an altered states across various types of literatur e. The witch threatens the heroes with forty bees, forty wolves and forty crows. though forty whitethorn not be the most common get along used to highlight the unique fairy tale repetition of numbers, this number of course holds meaning.In the Bible there were forty geezerhood of flood, forty days of fasting and forty days of wandering. In fact the very nature of The Wizard of Ozs medium, the novel, change magnitude the differentiation between it and fairy tales. Oz is too long a work for it to be easily placeable as a fairy tale. Most tales do not describe locations, physical features, or mad states. Heroes are rarely afraid of foreign creatures, they just kill them or die trying, it is simply a part of their nature as heros.Luthi (Visual Aspect non-deliniation of character p. 25) Within the first few pages Baum informs the reader of the what Dorothy is wearing, a checked gingham dress, and that she cries sorrowfully when the wizard wont see her (Baum 60). The storys descrip tive passages concerning the physical surround mainly relate to the colors that are present (what is visible), especially in the description of the forest psychoanalysis has classified and links fairy tales to childhood sexuality.They serve a psychological function by representing to children their subconscious sexual urges and conflicts. Bruno Bettelheim uses his The Uses of Enchantment to discuss the manifestation of these drives in fairytales and how children use such literature to reconcile ingrained struggles they may be having. The Wizard of Oz provides internal resolution in preparation for something greatersex. Sex, is of course skirted some rather than confronted head on. For example in chapter eight of the novel, The deadly poppy field sleep is used as a substitute for death.Dorothy never has to experience any real death, but wakes up surrounded by dead wolves she is only mildly frightened for a moment until the woodsman explains their presence euphemistically as being not dead, but shaggy. Oz approaches the deep levels of meaning discussed by Bettelheim and falls into the Freudian romance, like Cinderella who escapes her psychologically unsatisfactory step family to achieve a better life. Dorothy, though she returns to her radix in Kansa, manages to move towards due date and self-realization.As Dorothy realizes the power of the magic slippers and the other characters find what they were looking for but had all along, the reader gets the subject matter that what we need for wholeness is within, not without. Different from the psychological approach of Bettelheim, Max Luthi worked to identify what makes a fairy tale a fairy tale. So although characters may seemingly act without logic, reason, or emotion and one incident may not connect with what occurs immediately before or after it, there is a rationale that permeates every tale. Dorothy is to some degree disconnected from reality.Aunt Em and Uncle Joe are rarely joyful because reality has s oured them but Dorothy who is not fully integrated with reality is able to go on a quest to discover her own happiness (Luthi Supernatural 8 p25). Dorothy, as the heroine, is in assembly line with the underlying fairytale theme of (Luthi p25, 34 5, 14). Dorothy seems to be unknowingly blessed. She is mistakenly revered as a sorceress The silver shoes fitted her as if they had been made for her and she accidentally kills not one, but two wicked witches. The outbound sign of her charm is the mark of the good witchs kiss.In some fairytales there is a similar physical indicator, it could be freckles, red headedness, extreme ugliness or a tuft of hair. Separate but link up to chance is magic. What distinguishes the fairytale from other folk literature is the prescience of magic. What is fundamental is the existence of magic and the otherworldly. practically there is a stated crossing from the mundane to a magical realm. Once in the magical realm Baum utilizes stock motifs like talkin g animals, witches, wizards, the Simpleton figure, caps that can summon powerful creatures three times and shows that can travel infinite distances in a few strides.Help is the central motif of the folktale, it propels the annals and defines the hero. In the folktale the hero would not achieve his objective without help, in particular the help of otherworld beings. And this stomach is lavished on him. Dorothy never asks for or thinks about magic gifts but when she needs them they are granted. Gifts are stipulation to Dorothy without entreaty and do come into play when needed but, especially in the case of the slippers, she has to work for the privilege. Dorothy shows no extraordinary strength of character yet she is given the silver shoes and fatefully obtains the golden cap.Though one would assume the nature of the heroine determines her success and reflects her good character her quest is often solely for individual(prenominal) gain. Dorothy and her friends want whats best for them and by following their own course they inadvertently rescue other battalion without intending to do so. This in turn paves the way to their ultimate goal. The happy ending, as Bettelheim reiterates, is what makes the fairy tale offer out as childrens literature. Because fairy tales provide resolution and reassurance children can easily relate and learn from the tales (Bettelheim, 10).Dorothys goal is achieved not in Oz, because Oz is not the right place for her, but instead back at home where she can apply what she has gained to get her happily ever after. The Wizard of Oz corresponds to a large number of fairy tale characteristics, but it undoubtedly does not fit quite perfectly into the exact fairy tale mold. It doesnt fit entirely, partly because its just too big. The nature of its form, the novel, demands a greater level of descriptive information and plot explication, both which lead away from the traditional fairytales.

Advertising Bias Essay Example for Free

Advertising Bias attemptMarketing and advertising companies ar constantly playing on gender roles and stereotypes. Both men and women argon portrayed in certain ways to help make productions seem more attractive to the resembling or opposite sex. Men are visualize as lazy, dumb slobs fleck women are pictured as gentle, beautiful, sexual, and submissive. In childrens ads, boys are shown as rough and interested in action games while girls are more quiet and interested in dolls. Though these stereotypes are not always true, they are what Americans have come to accept about gender and society. Advertisements depend upon painting evocative pictures about these stereotypes in order to entice the consumer to buy the product. Many ads use of goods and services a sloppy, idiotic, couch potato to appeal to women in products that are commonly used by women such as cooking items and cleaning products. By using the manly stereotype, women tend to feel empowered or that they have the u pper hand when the usually controlling male is depicted as inferior. While downplaying the male role has become more accepted as a show of politically correct sexism, it is still politically incorrect to do such to women. unwrap more My Writing Process EssaySome view this as an unfair double standard. berth reversal is often utilized in advertising with women as the focus of the ad. The most common use of stereotyping with women is ads is using them to promote or sell a product through sexual appeal. Whether to a male or female audience, women are portrayed as extremely beautiful and sexy and often in suggestive poses. It attracts men for the obvious reasons, and attracts other women because they aspire to be a certain way or have a certain beautiful quality or feature. Women are also advertised as gentle and submissive in contrast to males.Feminists are against these types of stereotyping because they believe it itemizes women. In society males and females are picked on for their underlying qualities. These qualities have become so widespread and commonplace, today they are considered stereotypes. Companies use these to attract buyers with the nous that they are somewhat better than the opposite sex in some way. The underlying nature in ads points out flaws of men and women and uses them to exploit certain behaviours or mannerisms that will help sell a product with its image.

The Mayans, The Aztecs, And The Incas Essay Example for Free

The Mayans, The Aztecs, And The Incas EssayFrom 250 A.D. to the new-fashioned 1500s A.D., three groundbreaking civilizations, the Mayans, the Aztecs, and the Incas control lead primordial the States and S come outh America. Each of them was different but all divided some of the same qualities. They all were civilizations that had a daily life than revolved around religion. Their religions also requisite a lot of human sacrifices to please the gods. Also, they all invented calendars that were surprisingly accurate compared to the calendars to daytime. One of the calendars was little than a minute from being exact. Finally, they all declined for galore(postnominal) different reasons but the Spanish conquistadors was one of the most greenness and deadliest, due to their advanced weapons and the diseases they brought. But even thought they all had mysterious declines, these ancient civilizations of Latin America were very advanced and had many great achievements.The earlies t Latin American civilization was the empire of the Mayans. They controlled most of the Yucatan peninsula and part of southern Mexico. The Mayans were known for their advanced math skills. They invented the number zero and developed a advance(a) number system the Incas also had an advanced counting system like the Mayans. Mayans communicated through the use of hieroglyphics. They had over 800 symbols that represented things like words, syllables, days, and numbers. The Mayans were also well known for their new type of tillage.They called it slash and burn farming in which they cut down all the trees in an area, then they lit the area on fire, so that the ashes from the trees would enrich the soil and make it better to grow in. the decline of the Mayan empire is a mystery soundless to this day. The most popular theories are that the soil became infertile, so they ran out of food. Another theory was that they merely got up and left and walked into the jungles. The only other pos sible theory is because of constant warfare between the Mayan city-states.After the come to pass of the Mayan empire, the great civilization of the Aztecs came into power. The Aztecs centered themselves on Lake Texcoco, in the city of Tenochtitlan. The capital city of the Aztecs was built in the center of Lake Texcoco, with large causeways, which were large sturdy bridges, connecting the city to the mainland. The Aztecs advanced engineering allowed them to adapt to their environment just as the Mayans and Incas did. The writtenlanguage of the Aztecs was a combination of hieroglyphics and pictorial symbols. Like the Mayans, the Aztecs language was used for counting, which was more primitive in Aztec culture, days, records, and communication. The Aztecs expanded their empire through military strength.They conquered the nearby city-states, and forced them to pay support or face destruction. But later needed for sacrificial subjects led to less aggressive and less deadly military tac tics, causing the strength of the Aztec army to diminish. Around the late 1400s into the 1500s, the power and vastness of the Aztecs began to fade. The erstwhile calm and under control city-states began to rebel, leading to less human sacrifice and less resources being collected. Also, the conquistadors came from Spain, brining on with them deadly diseases like smallpox, and far superior steel weapons, along with a lust for gold. They soon conquered and ruined the Aztec empire with almost no effort at all.The Incas, down in the Andes Mountains, never came into contact with the Central American civilizations. They never borrowed any customs or traditions, yet their civilization was fairly similar. They had very advanced engineering skills, which led them to the building of extensive road systems. They also began the idea of terrace farming in which you carve out steps into a hill and farm on the man-made steps. Even though the Incas had no written language, they passed everything d own through oral communications. But they did have a complicated counting system in which different sized beads and colored ropes were used to counts things such as military, crops, population, and many other things.The Incas, as did the other Latin empires, had invented a calendar that had 365 days and was kept accurate by looking at the position of the stars, the moon, the planets, and the sun. Due to the complex road system the Incas built, they had to devise a simple messenger system to communicate throughout the empire. Runners would have to travel over twenty-five miles a day to run a message to another runner, then the first runner would have to pass by the message to the second runner and then the first runner would rest. It works somewhat like a relay race only it isnt a competition. In the late 1500s civil war began to break out between the sons of the emperor after he had died. The empire then split into two halves, but it never became whole again and just slowly began to crumble until it was gone.In conclusion, these three civilizations were the most sophisticated in all of the Americas at the time. The Mayans were excellent astronomers and mathematicians, the Aztecs were experienced warriors, and the Incas were skilled engineers. Even though all of the empires had different strengths, they all had some similar qualities. They all built stone buildings, with the Mayans and Aztecs and their well-built pyramids, and they all were polytheistic cultures that practiced sacrifices daily. All of these sacrifices led to a large loss in resources both human and natural. The Aztecs alone would sacrifice a absorb of a million people a year. They all used gold and melted it and made figurines to transmit to the gods. Soon their empires fell apart and the people of the empire just walked away.

Religion & society Essay Example for Free

Religion society EssayReligion is a set of beliefs and practices, often centred upon specific supernatural and moral claims about reality. The functionalist, such as Emile Durkhiem sociological stead about the role of religion in society is that Religion is exceptionally important because it has a outstanding influence on everything from government to social order and family relationships. They excessively believe religion maintains social solidarity and honour consensus amongst societys population and this attend tos maintain the well-being of society.Many feminist sociologist such as Armstrong, argue that religious institutions and beliefs help legitimise gender inequality. Like Marxist, feminist argue that religion is a product of patriarchy kind of than capitalism. However, religion can maintain mechanism as it maintains the exiting system of exploitation, and reinforces class relationships and inequalities Religion also diverts peoples upkeep away from the real sou rces of oppression the ruling class, creating a false class conscience.This social control is also achieved because the ruling class adopts traditional religious beliefs and these believes legitimate and justifies, theyre social positions e. g. monarchs, ordained by god in modern society. My aim is to find out how important is religion to people in todays society. This is because religion affects distinguishable societies in different ways and different forms, causing the forms of society to change. Religion can be a driving force in society, but as a moveionary rather than a topic way. So I am going to find out how different people from different cultures react to religion under different circumstances.

Developmental Psychology Essay Example for Free

Developmental Psychology EssayCognitive development involves maturation concepts of judgement, problem firmness of purpose and memory (Green. 2002). Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) were both psychologists, which focused on cognitive development and the way in which kidrens thought and reasoning developed as they matured. This assignment shall begin by describing and evaluating the theories put forward by Piaget and Vygotsky referring to interrogation evidence and providing a conclusion.Piaget (1896-1980) was one of the most influential researchers in the area of developmental psychology during the twentieth century and a as biologist was interested in the way in which organisms adapt to their purlieu this was described by Piaget as intelligence. He overheared behaviour or the adaptation to the environment as exis cardinal-spotce controlled through mental organisations known as schemes that the individual uses in rules of order to represent the dry land. Piaget suggested that adaptation is determined by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment, which is known as balance wheel (Huitt. 2003).Within Piagets research and writings on cognitive development he suggested that squirtrens thoughts are not sole(prenominal) less sophisticated than adults but they are also qualitatively different and this is due to less cognition (Jarvis. 2000). It was considered by Piaget that the interaction between the child and their environment was the main factor of influence on their cognitive development. Piagets view of children is that they are scientists and that they should be left to explore their surroundings giving them the opportunity to interpret the world in their own way. The active involvement in their own learning is described as a series of schemas and that these schemas would change and develop through each re-create through the process of assimilation or accommodation (Green. 2002).Piagets theor y is based on stages of development in which he believed that all children develop at the same age. There are four stages to his development theory, which are sensorimotor (0-2 years) and the view that infants are developing their first schemas (Meggitt. 2000). Object permanence is the main focus within this stage and the assumption by Piaget that children healed five or six months old could not understand that an determination, which was covered, still exists.An experiment showed that a child of five or six months showed no interest once the toy was covered whereas a ten month old would reach out for the toy and work throughm to become agitated. Piagets interpretation of this was that the child of ten months had reached object permanence and now has a schema for the object.In contrast to this Tom Bower and Jennifer Wishart (1972) argued that objects do still exist in babys minds although they have been covered. To support their theory an experiment was undertaken using an infrar ed camera. An object was offered to the baby and as they reached out to grab it the lights were switched off. The results showed that the baby was still attempting to reach for the toy although they were unable to see it and so an explanation for Piagets theory was that by covering the object the baby was distracted and not needfully that they had forgotten about it.The second stage is pre-operational stage (2-7 years). Egocentric thinking predominates the child (Huitt. 2003) within this stage and they do not have the ability to understand things from another persons view dose according to Piaget. In order for this to be confirmed he set up an experiment. Three mountains were set in front of the child and a doll was placed in different seats around the table. Photographs, which had been taken, were then shown to the child and they were asked to point to the picture that the doll would see.As Piagets findings showed that most four or five year olds pointed to photographs which repres ented their view of the mountains he concluded that they were egocentric. Most children aged seven that was asked to do the same task correctly identify the photograph strengthening Piagets theory. Although it was then argued by Martin Hughes (1975) that the task was much too complicated for the child and therefrom devised his own experiment, which would contradict Piagets findings.His experiment involved a model with two intersecting walls, two officer inserts and a figure of a boy. After having a trial using one police figure and the boy to ensure the child understood the task Hughes began his experiment. It was found that most children could successfully take study of two different viewpoints. Therefore it could be said that Piagets experiment may have been too difficult for the child to understand rather than the child being egocentric.

Analysis of Vegetables Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Vegetables assayFor example, calcium and phosphorus are required for the formation of bones and dentition deficiency of these causes the decay of teeth and bones. Deficiency of iron causes anemia. Lack of iodine causes goiter. So it is necessary that the food we eat be selected carefully. also wheat, rice and milk, fruits and vegetables form an important part of equilibrize diet. They contain minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins. We are advised by doctors to intromit more vegetables and fruits in our diets,Therefore, study could be undertaken to investigate the constituents of various fruits and vegetables. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT To plan for the balanced diet, knowledge of various ingredients of fruits and vegetables is necessary. In this project, we aim to have knowledge about the contents of different fruits.

Assessment methods, their merits and demerits Essay Example for Free

Assessment methods, their merits and demerits EssayMainly, three types of discernments atomic number 18 in practice, initial, formative and summative assessment. Initial assessment can be a formal or informal process of identifying each learners strengths and help them to understand their areas of development, and the representting action plan accordingly. In formative assessment, teacher or tax assessor monitor bookmans learning performance during the learning time against a set criteria. assimilators struggling areas are identify by feedback records and action plan for teachers to adopt teaching strategies and disciple to motivate for more study is adjusted. In Summative assessment, teacher evaluates the learners performance at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against a standard and other students performance. Summative assessments are amply stakes or mellowed point values and includea)Written examsb)Quizzesc)Dissertations and projectsd)Instead of compa ring the advantages and disadvantages of these assessment types, I would prefer to discuss assessment instruments I used in these assessments and talk about their merits and demerits.Assessment typeStrengthLimitations1.Written exams1. Good tool to assess students knowledge without guessing.2. It forces student to think and articulate that thinking.3. Take less time to create test as compared to MCQ where assessor has to get in more choices and student will choose one.4. Teacher can provide better feedback on answers.1. These tests unavoidably language skills with and ESL students cant demonstrate their capabilities.2. These tests are time bounds and a slow write student may not able to show his full knowledge.3. Performance in these test found on memorizing facts instead of showing creativity.Assessment typeStrengthLimitations2.Oral Exams1. This format decreases miscommunication and misunderstandingwhile questioning or answering.2. Student doesnt need to follow any set lines for answer.3. Give more chances to examiner to ask how student came to this answer.4. More assessors can take part in this format.5. More areas can be covered in less time. 1. Could be biased and less fair result oriented. 2. Requires a trained examiner to set such format which cost more. 3. Shy students can be distracted by other factors and cthey may not give their fullest.Assessment typeStrengthLimitations3. Portfolios1. Assess and promote critical thinking.2. Give opportunity learner to be self-directed, active, peer -supported and independent.3. More than one assessor validates the performance.4.Promotes creativity and problem solving5. can be used to assess professional and personal development.1. Difficult to identify whether this is students own hunting expedition or somebody elses. 2. Involve large amount of paper have which gives less time to guidance on course. 3. Reliability issues.4. Student can easily hide their weaknesses in this type of assessment.Assessment typeStre ngthLimitations4. Projects and dissertations1. every(prenominal) round ability testing i.e practical, analytical and interpretative skills. 2. Teaches students time management and if in group wherefore teaches leadership and team work skills. 3. Increase motivation to complete task quickly and in time.1. devising of such format assessment is hectic and time consuming. 2. Validity and reliability of assessment is not high as compared to other formats. 3. If resources not available to learning, performance will be compromised.In my teaching career, I have gone through all above mentioned assessment tools and found written exams are wide used in many parts of world. People love written exams because they pile up work and when exam is near, they memorize it and ready for exam, no creative work during the term just collecting the notes. issue is slightly changing in the world and other assessment tools are in practice, mostly university are assessing courses byassignments, project an d dissertations and these formats require continuous study and work thats develop students other skills on with the completion of these tasks.

How We Can Make the World a Better Place Essay Example for Free

How We Can Make the World a Better Place Essay each day, and I mean every day, the world slowly gets a better chance of surviving an epidemic. and every day, the world slightly perishes and begins to crumble. And I dont mean liter in ally crumble. Maybe nevertheless a teensy. precisely anyways the world starts becoming a bad place to live in. Whether its from pollution or foreign matter. But I will be talking about pollution mostly. people pollute every second of the day. Im serious. And the bad thing is that there may not be a way to stop these people from polluting. Governments and agencies have tried numerous times to advertize people to stop even if its slowly at a time. And now they try to process by coming out with electric cars and allow recycling more often. Yet is it enough? It may be but then again its most likely not. You see, the sun lets light in so we can see and have nutrients. And there is the little thing called the ozone bottom that keeps a little of the sun in but not a lot of it.With the ozone layer, the heat and light from the sun bounces support towards itself. Like I said, the ozone layer only allows a little of the sun in. yet, by pollution the ozone layer becomes thinner and thinner allowing more sun to come in and fry us. Ill break it stack for you. Lets take smoke from refineries or a car. The smoke goes in to the air and mixes with the clouds. But some of that smokes breaks by and collides with the ozone layer causing erosion which makes the ozone layer thinner, allowing more sun in. Pollution is bad But thats not the only kind of pollution. Lets talk about out lovely streets and plants. Although its hard to call them lovely. down an ordinary beautiful tend maintained by caring people. Example Bob waters his garden and clears it of weeds regularly. all(prenominal)one who walks by tells Bob that his garden is beautiful with a capital B. yet what Bob and all the others dont know is that under that beautiful garden l ies acrid fumes that slowly dash off the flowers. A year later, Bob finds his garden unexpectedly dying. What Bob also doesnt know is that the class that was built on his wonderful grass has eroded over the past few years allowing the deadly material of the house to seep underground and spread throughout the yard. Therefore, killing his beautiful garden. The End. Or is it? Every day we pass by trash on the streets and dont bother to pick it up. virtually dont because they are lazy and some others dont because they are embarrassed.Id sometimes be counted as the one with embarrassment. But not always. Anyways, what Im proposing is that instead of ignoring all those boring environmental commercials ontelevision, we should actually listen to them and join hands to erase all the pollution. After that problem is wiped out, wed have a better place to live in and live a longer, healthier life. But first if we must start little, then its best if we start with the trash we see on our own streets. Recycle more often too. It really helps get waste off the street. Join lodge service programs and aim for captain of the litter removal club. Just talk to your counselor or environmental adviser. In my own opinion, I know you will be the best. Thank you.

Learning and Development Essay Example for Free

Learning and exploitation EssayStrategic tourivities in boldness or at exertion redacts atomic number 18 approaches to human resource management that provide a framework to support long bourne business goals and outcomes, these approaches vary in singing to the business activities itself. Schwab (1980) noted that the growing body of strategic look into can be seen in two interrelated ways which are the all-important(a) and measurement streams.The substantive stream refers to studies which emphasizes on the physiology or character of a theoretical sexual congressship between in strung-out and dependent variables period the measurement stream focuses on the outcome of the correlation between the underlying theoretical protrude and operationalization itself (Venkatraman and Grant 1986). This academic article tries to look at more of the measurement stream in relation to training, culture and study based on previous academic articles and my own general understanding of how very these strategic these concepts are or not.Learning training and developing are human resource study activities and over time, two factors have influenced these concepts towards beingness part of the evolutional role of the formulating business dodge which are the centrality of discipline technology to business success and the sustainable combative advantage offered by work force expertise (Swanson and Terraco 1995) Critical business issues from new marketing strategies to innovations in production technology are based on, among former(a) factors, the performance capabilities of those expected to use these new work systems, this meaning that employee expertise itself has been expanded through potent programs of employee tuition. Therefore activities of human resource using in the work place such as culture training and development have truly been strategic by maintaining the pace with the increasingly sophisticated breeding and production technologies that c ontinue to diffuse throughout vital industries of the world (swanson and terraco1994).The conceptualization of strategic human resource management as a management system which matches business concerns with human resource activities (Beer et al 1984miles and hundred 1984) have been referred to as a high performance work system(HPWS)(Bercker et al 1196) which is characterized by provision of employee development and training activities in with the business strategy(Aurthur 1994 Huselid 1995 Jackson and Schuler 1995MacDuffie 1995) for example,selction, development and rewards involves the internal combination of procedures across the hr function. This shows the distributor point of emphases placed on the link between human resource activities and business need in relation to strategy (Baird and Meshoulam 1988 Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall 1988 Fisher 1989 Boxall 1992 Mabey and Iles 1993 Schuler 1992).Successful internal integration of HR activities results in organisational benefi ts (Becker et al. 1996). This essay of exploit attempts to show the link among learning training and development as a strategy to organization.Learning and development as an approach of strategy stands for how an organization make sure that the present and future learning and development activities support the achievements of its goals by improving skills and capabilities of individuals and teams.. it should be business directed, this means that it should be designed to help the acquisition of business goals by promoting human capital management(Armstrong 2009). Learning can be defined as a means by which a person acquire and develop new fellowship, skills, capabilities, behaviors and attitudes Armstrong 2011 pg 664. Honey and Mumford noted explained learning happens when people show that they know they didnt prior to the time they are now. The enhancement of capabilities previously had which leads to skills, companionship and attitudes through a continual process that tends to prepare people for more responsibities in the future is the act of learning. Estherby-smith et al (2000) agreed to the fact that there is a debate whether learning should be defined as change in cognition or behaviors, thus showing that researchers would agree with defining learning as a change in organizations knowledge and is a fuction of experience.Learning and development as a strategy is concerned with creating a learning culture that will encourage learning and will provide a basis for planning and implementing learning activities and programmes(Armstrong 2011) this means that for an organization to use the concept of learning as a strategy is has to imbibe the learning culture which is one that learning that is practiced from top management, line managers and employees more often than not as an essential way of doing things in the firm which they commit to and continuously done. A learning organization was deined by senge(1990) as one where people learn together, where colle ctive aspiration is set free, where there is nuturinng of rarefied pattern of thinking and they continuously enlarge their capabilities to create outcomes they truly desire. I have previously mentioned development with learning because both of the them are related when one think about it generally but would exchangeable to define it now in the next paragraph. i would be explaining learning and developments together as being strategic.Development can be defined as concerned withensuring that a perons ability and potential are grown and raised in the process of learning experiences or through self directed learning. Development is the end product of true learning which can be seen through changes in outcome of pre and patch learning activities i. e the change from the present state of understanding and capabilitiy to a new and higher take aim of knowledge, skills and abilities. These processes of learning and developments wouldnot take place not to now talk of being strategic with out individuals in the organization, this means that individual members are the organism through which organizational learning and development take place.The knowledge imbed in that or those individuals have to be reposited to other people in the firm to gain competitive advantage which is the whole reason for the strategy in itself which are affected by the following factors explained by Argote(2011). Firstly, the experience of the organization affects the organizational learning,this done not by characterizing experience at a bring in level , but taking a fine grained approach to describing or noting its elements along with various dimensions( Argote et al 2002). the purpose of taking this approach is to be be able to tell when experience is positive or negative in relation to the processes and outcomes in order to be able to explain relationships amongst the types of experience and to design the learning experience in order to be strategic about the learning.Secondly is the pro cess of organizational learning itself, which is conceived as having three processes creating, retaining and stirring knowledge. Not much research has been done on creation distant knowledge retention and transfer. Empirical research over at least the last twenty old age that there would be significant difference innovative capabilities of a firm and its knowledge through it transfers inside the firm (easterby et all 2008) this is key to the success of the ensuring of the strategy of the firm.This depends on characteristics of the individual that has the knowledge, recipient, attributes of the knowledge and the knowledge transfer process itself as an mportant factor to developing learning capabilities which lead to competitive advantage of the firm (Grant 1996) other(prenominal) factor is the that could lad to learning being a succes is thr stratetic management it self,peopke whoput these learning and development strategy into place itself. Dynamic capabilities which is an examp le of strategic management are impotant concepts in relation to organisational learning and its sub process. a greater understanding of how dynamic capabilities develop through organizational learning is needed Argate 2011 pg Contextuality is also another factor that affects learning which is characterized by the situation and envitonment in which the company finds it self.Oragnisational learniong can do well in an surroundings which its stability varies with time or turbulent (herdberg 981) little inducement of learning occurs in an environment thats stable while in a too turbulent environment, the organisation would not be able to interpret environmental responses(bierly and hamalainen 1995) if care is not taken,learning under ambiguity may occur which butt and olsen 1975 defined as a situation where the environment is unanalysable and the learning cyle allay continues and percieved as an interpretation or meaning. Knowledge capabilities are at the heart of the strong suit of organizations. Since the market and competitive environment of all companies is promptly changing, the value of existing capabilities will quickly decay, resulting in a lack of competitiveness. It is imperative for organizations to focus on developing their knowledge capabilities on an ongoing basis, or they will face extinction. Organizational development moldiness be centered on the continual enhancement of knowledge capabilities, as the foundation of organizational effectiveness in all fields Dawson 2000.Armstrong(2009) identified the following elements needed for learning and development to be actually strategic and they go follows it should make a major contribution to the successful attainment of the organizations objective and investments it should be integrated with and support the achievement of business and human resource strategies it should be designed un such a way that it would achieve improvement in corporate functional and maximum development in skills and knowled ge of people in the organization equal opportunity for everyone in the organization to develop their skills and knowledge while attaining personal development through the framework of individual and self directed learning but still maintain the primary knowledge of knowing that this is dependent on the employee themselves who be guided and supported by their manager as necessary with the members of the hr department.

Human Dependent Lighting system

Human hooklike brightness level bodyCAREER EPISODE 01Human Dependent Lighting systemINTRODUCTION1.1) A detailed description of the bug out Human Dependent Lightning System is presented in this c atomic number 18er episode. I started this project with a team of three engineers including myself under the guidance of our tutor and percentage point of department, during the initial months of 7th semester, Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Communication). This project was implemented as part of my academic computer political programme Project 1 and it took us three months (July 2012 to September 2012) from inception, scrutiny to implementation of the project. I was appointment as a group leader for this project by our tutor.BACKGROUND1.2) In every department of an industry, at that place is a wastage of voltaicity resulting in high electric bills. The wastage of electricity is mainly due to carelessness of theatrical rolers. For instance, lights in discordant departme nts would remain switched ON even after working hours, when employees were not present in the office. This leads to gratuitous wastage of electricity. In order to overcome this issue, we developed a human babelike ignitor system to use the electricity smartly which kindle save huge amount of electricity. The human dependent lighting system is a project based on PIR sensors to detect human presence. A light lastingness image circuitry is made to turn ON the required number of lights based on surrounding light intensity, thereby reducing the wastage of electricity. This project has a lot of potential and it can be applied to domestic and commercial message use.1.3) In Human Dependent Lighting System, we used PIR detector which is used to receive the infrared rays that are emitted by human body and Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) to measure the intensity of ambient light. On the create side, we used AC mains supply with loads, such as light connected with relays. These relays are operated based on the output of the ascendency with specific delays to provide safety to the loads and also to provide intelligent lighting system.1.4) The system turns ON the required number of lights depending upon the surrounding ambient condition hence switching take the unnecessary lights. The system maintains the required luminous intensity incorporating light received from the surrounding, thus using electricity smartly. Furthermore, we have used PIC12F675 agreeler equipped with a RISC architecture with inbuilt ADC and MPLAB IDE Version 8.63 software program which is used for programming the controller. We have also used a display unit to show intensity levels and number of loads which are switched on.1.5) Project ObjectivesThe main objectives of the project are as followsBuild a prototype of an energy efficient lighting system with tomorrows technology, which give be eco-friendly and for a longer career span.Control the lighting system using PIR Sensor and Light Depe ndent Resistor (LDR) based on the Infrared (IR) light emanation by human or articles in its field of view, andSpread the sentiency and benefits of using white LED.1.6) Project Mechanism 1.7) My Roles and Responsibilities as a group leader (Engineer 1) includedResearching and take awaying the close energy efficient micro controller.Programming the microcontroller using MPLAB IDE Version 8.63 software.Assisting in designing the circuit.Schedule each week meetings and ensuring attendance of every team memberManaging and ensuring that each stage of the project was completed within the stipulated periodline, andMaintaining the project documentation.PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY1.8) After the decision to build a prototype for Human Dependent Lighting System was made, the set-back step I took as a group leader was to select a microcontroller which could act as a brain for the unit and was also programmable. Post which, an exhaustive seek referring to different data sheets of microc ontrollers was carried out, which enabled me to come up with two appropriate microcontrollers for the project PIC12F629 and PIC12F675. Both the microcontrollers are PIC12 serial publication microchips having same configuration except one attribute. PIC12F629 lacks Analog to Digital convertor, whereas PIC12F675 has inbuilt 10 bit 4 channels A/D converter which met one of the requirements of the project. Therefore, I selected PIC12F675 microcontroller, an 8-bit RISC architecture based controller used for detecting transaction via PIR sensor. It was marked as the IN port for the micro controller. Whenever PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) Sensor detects a motion due to the human presence or any movement in the room, it acts as an input which makes the lights turn ON.1.9) One more reason to select PIC12F629 microcontroller, was to connect TRIMPOT to ADC (Analog to Digital converter) to determine the ON time for the system if there is no motion detected. For instance, if Trim POT is set f or 10 seconds ON period and if no motion is detected inside the room where system is installed, then system will switch pip the lights after 10 seconds. We used solar panels to charge the battery during the day time and during the night the system will use the battery to control the lighting systems. We also connected white-hot LED/Relay Driver to OUT port of the PIC controller in order to control the driver or LED based on two inputs conditions one based on PIR sensors and different from the Trim POT for ON time control. This driver circuit is based on Transistors.Furthermore, we used LT1086 potential drop regulator in order to achieve +5V regulated supply for the system. The LT1086 is accessible in a 3-pin TO-220 bundle and a space-sparing surface mountable 3-pin DD bundle. Therefore, I went with this module, which is very handy and user friendly1.10) Software ImplementationI used MPLAB IDE Version 8.63 software to program the microcontroller which provides a development envir onment to perform and program various functions. This software offers memory mapping function to visualize each register. Errors were checked on troubleshooting and debugging the programs by make targets. If it was error free, various simulation ports of the controller were provided to check outputs.Software Implementation using MPLAB IDE version 8.631.11) role player flowI used this software since I wanted to achieve the following featuresPower ON system stabilization time of 30 seconds.In 30 seconds, LED will blink with the 250ms ON and 250ms OFF time which is the indication of the stabilization period.Stabilize time is required for the PIR sensor which is connected as IN port to stabilize the sensors.Default state of White LED is OFF.If any motion is detected from PIR sensor it will trigger the IN port of PIC microcontroller.If the motion is detected it will come out out a signal to the White LED/ Relay Driver, which will turn ON the light.If the motion is not detected and if the lights are ON then it will monitor the TRIM POT time default which is set for 10 seconds and if for 10 seconds no motion is detected, the system will switch OFF the lights.1.12) Hardware Implementation Designing of the circuit was an arduous task for us. We completed an exhaustive training program in order to design the circuit proficiently and keeping the IEEE code of conduct guidelines in our mind. The first task was to develop the circuit diagram using EasyEDA software. After following the necessary guidelines to design a circuit, we acquired the adroitnesss such as soldering using flux, component placement, placement of ground and power plane, avoid coincide of analog and digital planes. Furthermore, we took safety measures such as wearing perfect gear for soldering or while connecting the circuit with external power supply. We also read instructions and manuals for understanding implementation of electric components in the safest way. The following picture depicts the ba sic hardware developed by us for human dependent lighting system.Hardware ImplementationSUMMARY1.13) After building the prototype, we completed our project by testing and maintaining the documentation. The project was submitted with a presentation along with the working prototype and reports which was assessed by our tutor and head of the department. The boilers suit project journey was a great experience in terms of learning new skill every day which was a boost to my technical and leadership skills. I faced many ups and downs particularly during the training but working with a team was an added advantage for me to divide the load/task in parts and made the implementation of the project successful within the stipulated time. This project has lots of potential and it can be applied to commercial and domestic use.

The impacts of structural and infrastructural elements to service o

The impacts of morphological and infrastructural elements to serve up oI. INTRODUCTIONWith the ever-changing nature of a global cable operation that requires firms to adjust rapidly, trading trading operations tractability capability has become more influencing, underpinning the strength of an organization. World-class receipts organizations rely on right strategies and practices to heighten their operations tractability. In Malaysia, for instance, the world best budget airline, AirAsia, applies real principles, practices and procedures that align with its operations objectives to achieve bewitch take of flexibility in their operations that suited its commercialise segments requirements 1 2. In another example, there was a lot of confusion on the part of the passengers and employees of Jet distressing airlines in Florida when weather conditions delays flights.In any eventualities, organization must plan ahead on how to get across with the changing circumstances that volition affect their operations. Some of the impact of changes must be plought at the kickoff through some standardization of products, go and process delivery. The remaining must be dealt with at the commove of impact using robust structural and infrastructural resources deployment strategies. Among the most essential move to establish and eventually enhance the operations flexibility is the use of technology especially the IT to better communicate internecinely within organisational units and immaterially with their customers thus providing flexibility in their operations. Others whitethorn rely on smart networking with clients and suppliers so that they go out handle the uncertainties together as a group. At the same whiles, having a on the table workforce result ensure certain level of variability will be absorbed by tactically depute the workforce. In summary, the changing nature of the environment requires flexibility to be one of the primary competitive components to be applied and considered seriously. To enhance the flexibility capability, firms need to strike a balance with structural and infrastructural decisions. In this paper, we will evaluate the dimension of structural and infrastructural elements and serving operations flexibility and their relationship in a variable outlook. Few most-valuable questions need to be c ar fored here namely What is run operations flexibility what are the important structural and infrastructural elements and how they affect the operations flexibility of service organization.II. LITERATURE REVIEWIt is widely argued that operations flexibility is very much related to changing the social organization and infrastructures of the organizations. However, the discussion on the important elements that fall into each category is debated. In following the definitions given by Hayes and Wheelwright 3, and Schroeder 4 intimateed structure resources include capacities, facilities, process technology, and vert ical integrating whereas infrastructures include people, information system, organization, production and inventory surmount, and quality control system. Slack 5 suggested labor and technology as structural resources that must be supported by infrastructural assets much(prenominal) as the system, relationship and information couplings.Relating the structural and infrastructural elements to operations flexibility, there have been several studies done to address the issue. One of the important studies conducted by Correa and Gianesi 6 associated the broader term of flexibility as being able to respond in effect to chance(prenominal) change. They linked uncertainty and variability with unplanned change, which require firms to understand the concept of unplanned change. Managing unplanned change can be divided into two dimensions. One is labeled as flexibility in dealing with change after the unplanned change has occurred. The endorse dimension is the ability to deal with a certain amount of change and trim back the effect of change. This can be done by purpose authoritys to control the changes by put oning strategies like forecasting technique, maintenance system, parts standardization, and manufacturing focus. These strategies are to prevent and quash the change before it occurs. This is where the structural and infrastructural elements lend their roles. For example, in order for service firms to be able to implement the chosen strategies both before and after the occurrences of unplanned changes, firms ought to have suitable structural elements such as integrating and technology supported by systematic infrastructural elements such as quality leaders and team upwork activities.Harvey et al 7 explained that a plastic firm is the one that can handle variability with token(prenominal) penalty and suggest the difference between inborn robustness and foreign flexibility. Internal robustness must be dealt with minimum efforts due to the fact that it will not create value to customers. Harvey et al 7 suggested that in order to deal with the internal variability, firms may require organizational arrangement such as cross-functional teams, empowering contact personal, and building a flat organization, which factors are related to infrastructural elements of operations as well as modifying the structural elements such networking capability. It is the remote flexibility that must be managed carefully in order to gain competitive advantage. Central to the issue, Harvey et al 7 proposed the use of structural element, mainly IT technology in order to manage flexibility.This is in addition supported by Bucki and Pesqueux 8 who overly proposed the components of operations strategy on structural and infrastructural elements that contribute to operations flexibility. Adler 9 agreed that flexibility in organizations is a useful tool to improve firms competitive position as related to the use of technologies in implementation and the de cision- making process. Upton 10 supported the idea and added that firms should create an infrastructure to allow for system flexibility. As a result of technological improvement and changes in customer preferences, service operations have become flexible and this requires adjustment in the delivery process. Upton 10 to a fault pointed out that customers expect and prefer to get service at their convenient time and location, therefore capability on the part of the service provider to be flexible is imperative.One specific example on how structural elements such as technology and integration play an influencing role in service operation flexibility is the use of ATM machines. Banks that have ATM services have been providing convenient services to customers for years. In accordance with this, ATM services have improved oer time. Two of the improvements mentioned include the increase in the limit of the amount in withdrawal transactions and the genesis of ATM units strategically situat ed in many convenient locations. In elaboration, ATM services nowadays are not solely restricted to bank premises but can too be tack at airports, petrol stations, bus stations, fast food restaurants and many others. The change in the way banks deliver services indicates the degree of flexibility in service operations that benefits banks and customers alike. ATM technology may require some targetment on the banks side, but in the long run, it reduces operating woos by decreasing the number of staff at counter services. Davis and Heineke 11 concluded that reduction in customers waiting time at counter services by improving better services caution of process number can certainly reduce customers dissatisfaction and defection and technology could help to achieve this goal.Technologies have proven to be able to offer more opportunities in improving services processes. Collier 12 in a pick up on electronic devices for check-in and check-out systems in the hotel industry, automati c toll booth in transportation, electronic gunstock transfer in banking services, the practices of e-ticketing in the airline melodic line have given huge impact on the ticket purchasing system, airport checking process, and service industries as well. Therefore, in responding effectively to customers demand variations, improving services process design by using technology is another approach to increase flexibility of the service system.Based on the above discussion, we have recognized several elements that must be considered in enhancing flexibility capability of a firm which could be besides divided into structural and infrastructural elements. Among the most cited structural elements in discussing the service flexibility is technology, particularly the ICT, integration, and facility. With regards to the infrastructural elements, some of the most important factors cited in the belles-lettres are team management, worker empowerment, and quality leadership. As for the dimension s of service operations flexibility, we incorporate the types given by Correa and Gianessi 6 who suggest service flexibility capability as design, package, volume, delivery time, delivery location, system robustness and customer recovery with Harveys internal robustness and international flexibility7.Thus, we hypothesize H1 structural elements consists of facility, location, technology, integration/networking positively influence the external flexibility H2 Structural elements consists of facility, location, technology, integration/networking are positively influencing the internal robustness, H3 Infrastructural elements consists of teamwork management, worker empowerment, and quality leadership positively influence the external flexibility, H4 Infrastructural elements consists of teamwork management, worker empowerment, and quality leadership positively influence the internal robustnessWe also propose that the infrastructural elements are more dominant in service industries as th e soft power related to gentleman possible are the silent forces that determines the operations flexibility, H5 Infrastructural elements have a greater influence on both external flexibility and internal robustness as compared to the structural elements.III METHODOLOGYThis research uses a succeed approach. We employed several techniques leading to the final large plateful survey. First we conducted a thorough literature review on buy the farmics leading to the development of items to measure structural and infrastructural decisions and operations flexibility. Subsequently, the researchers conducted several oppugns with operations managers in selected service companies namely hotel, port management, and airline, to check if the factors base in the literature are relevant to the virtual(a) ideas of the managers, particularly in the Malaysian business environment. This technique allows the researcher to explore any relevant ideas pertaining to the issue. The interview will also provide some valuable information on the keywords or the indicators from the Malaysian attitude since the literature is too replete with studies from the different environments of western countries. Each session usually takes more than an hour. feature the literature review and the interviews, an instrument was developed to measure structural and infrastructural elements, and operation flexibility. The structural and infrastructural elements are mainly adapted from the instruments developed by Boyer and McDermott 13. The items to measure operations flexibility capability are taken from Correa and Gianessi 6 and Harvey et al. 7. In summary, the instrument consists of (A)Infrastructural elements divided into worker empowerment(7 items), quality leadership(6 items), team management (4 items) (B) Structural elements consists of location(2 items), integration(5 items), technology(6 items) and might(2 items) (C) external flexibility (6 items) and internal robustness (5 items).A sample of questions is given as followsTechnology Indicate level of investment in the la quiz technology relevant for enhancement of the business operations (e.g. latest scanning system for hospital or new ATMs for banks)Capacity Indicate the level of investment in upgrading / improvement of existing facilitiesseveral(prenominal) workshops and discussion were conducted leading to the final version of the instruments. Before conducting a pilot study, we pre-tested the instrument on our MBA students, whose backgrounds include experience working in service organizations to identify potential problems with respect to the ability of the respondents to understand the questions asked, and enlighten the instruments when it is necessary. No major change was made. Consequently, a pilot test was done to test the reliability and boldness of the instrument. This is also done to minimize the administration of the questionnaires in the real study. 30 companies were conveniently selected to test the in struments. 25-100 observations were notion adequate for this purpose 14. The reliability of the instrument was assessed before we proceed with the large scale study. We employed the Cronbach alpha method in gauging the reliability of the scale. All constructs found the alpha coefficient of greater than 0.7. We concluded that the measurement scale is reliable and thus, will maintain all items measures.The large scale study that involved companies from 9 service industries was followed subsequently. Instead of using mail, which often result in poor response in an emerging economies countries such as Malaysia, we sent enumerators to operations managers or equivalent positions whom we had contacted earlier and expressed their desire to participate in the study. To choose the companies, we used the appropriate directory when it is available. For example, for the hotel industry, we utilized the Malaysian Hotel Association directory and select hotels with the rating of three stars and ab ove. The filling represented both low contact and high contact category 15 (a) Hotels ( emolument factory)(b) Fast foods (service factory)(c) gondola desex (Service shop)(d) Private hospitals (Service shop)(e) Private colleges (f) Retailing (stores) (Mass service)(g) Retailing banking (mass service)(h) Accountant(Professional)(i) Architect firms(Professional). The total final response was 254 firms.We then canvass the data using the appropriate statistical techniques such as Factor synopsis and Regression AnalysisTABLE 1 SERVICE CATEGORIESSectorsFrequencyPercentHotelFast FoodPrivate HospitalAuto repairRetail storesRetail banksPrivate collegesArchitectAccountantTotal31302426303030302325412.211.89.410.211.811.811.811.89.1100III. RESULTSDescriptive Statistics We had about embody numbers of respondent across the 9 industries as shown in Table 1. With regards to the years of operation, more than 30% of all companies have been in operations for more than 10 years. Of all respondents , close to 60 percents are managers or above with 7.1 percentile hold top management positions. Most firms (about 60%) do business locally or nationally whereas about 25 % cover international market.Factor Analysis A series of factor summary was conducted to establish uni-dimensionality of the variables and to reduce the indie variables (structural and infrastructural elements) and the pendent variables (external flexibility and internal robustness) to appropriate factors. In doing this, there is an opportunity to redefine or reduce the number of factors according to the commonalities within the variables. SPSS provides the test for the appropriateness of the use of factor analysis and the adequacy of the sampling size. Bartlett tests indicate that factor analysis is suitable and the KMO test calculated that the sample is enough to conduct factor analysis. The first analysis on the structural elements resulted in three factors with percentage variance explained 74.674 percent. We define the factor as facilities related factors (capacity and location),technology, and integration/networking. We then run the second factor analysis for the infrastructural elements and found only two factors with 64.958 percent cumulative variances included and name the factors as teamwork management and quality leadership. Finally a narrate analysis for external flexibility and internal robustness, as suggested from the theory, maintain most of the items that measures both constructs. The results of exploratory factor analysis escape from light on structural, infrastructural elements and the service operations flexibility external flexibility and internal robustness. The previously mentioned separate structural factor facility and location, were remerged into one factor that we could call a facility related factors. Examining the items that measures capacity and locations seem to highlight the facility issues and the merging is not totally surprising. Meanwhile, worker empow erment from the infrastructural elements was diluted as some of the items are highly correlated with the team management. This is also justifiable as the team postulate some forms of empowerment to be able to work effectively. We however intend to cut short the tip discussion of the result s of the factor analysis as the emphasis of this study is on the impacts of the independent variable to service operations flexibility.Multiple Regression The first model with internal robustness () as the dependent variable has a good fit with R = 0.662 and R square = 0.439. The strongest factors to influence the dependent variable seem to be the structural elements, with technology ( = .387 t = 6.839), capacity location ( = .320 t = 5.706), integration/networking ( = .180 t = 3.353) show the highest beta-coefficient consecutively. Only team management, one of the two factors of infrastructural elements crucially influences the dependent variables. ( = .156 t = 2.609). The second model has als o a good fit with R = 0.686 and R square = 0.471. This time, technology also plays an influencing factor ( = .342 t = 6.219), followed by capacity/location ( = .299 t = 5.499), integration/networking ( = .197 t = 3.783), team management ( = .187 t = 3.215), and quality leadership ( = .151 t = 2.678). Here, it seems that quality leadership factor play a significant role in delivering the external flexibility of a service firm. We also notice a reducing degree of influence of structural elements (except integration/networking) to affect the external flexibility of the service firms. Further, it is also quite a surprising to observe the structural elements enforcing a higher degree of influence to the service operations flexibility where as we hypothesize that the soft elements of infrastructural should lead the list. The results enable us to confirm H1, H2, H3, and H4 but H5 which it is partially confirmed. This requires further explanations that will be discussed in the next section .IV. DISCUSSIONThis study confirms the importance of structural and infrastructural elements to the service operations flexibility. As suggested from Harvey et al 7 that the variability will have to be dealt with organizational arrangement such as cross-functional teams, empowering contact personal, and building a flat organization, which factors are related to infrastructural elements of operations as well as modifying the structural elements such as networking capability. Our study not only supported the literature but also specifying which factors contribute the most to the operations flexibility.Contrary to our belief that the soft elements will impact more on the operations flexibility of service firms, we found that the structural part especially the element of technology show a greater influence. We believe this is not totally unexpected as the infrastructural parts have also been found in the literature to play a supporting role in the operations effectiveness. Idris and M A li highlighted the importance role of quality leadership and best practices in steering the effectiveness of firms 16. Idris et al. 17 emphasizes quality leadership as an important component of organizational capability to drive company performance. Hussain et al 18 also proposed the top role of leadership in their Excellence model.Further, regarding a reducing degree of influence of structural elements (except integration/networking) to affect the external flexibility of the service firms, this study highlights the role of infrastructural elements on the enhancement of the external flexibility. remote flexibility usually deals with the customer demand that require more involvement on the part of the human resource to bring about the requisite adjustments whereas more structural elements such as technology is needed to provide consistent internal results in the form of less confusion and glitches.Implying the results, service companies must invest in the structural elements such as technology and networking capability to boost the operations flexibility. These initiatives must also be back up with the human dimension in the forms of team management, and quality leadership. By recognizing the louvre factors prescribed in this research, a service company would be able to develop and strengthen the operations flexibility of their firms.There is no further analysis of the categories of service companies that may moderate the level of deployment of structural and infrastructural resources. For example, it is a possibility that a low contact service firms will utilize higher level of technology as compared to professional services. Thus proximo studies should highlight the issues. In addition, the importance of having operations flexibility may also be moderated by the competitive priorities of the companies and the categories of firms themselves. It is presumed that those companies who strive to make flexibility as their top agenda will deploy higher level cer tain structural and infrastructural resources as compared to those who have cost minimization as their operation objectives. Finally, this study uses managers perception to assess the operations flexibility. Other objectives measures should be explored for future studiesV. CONCLUSIONIn this study, we investigate the relationship between structural and infrastructural elements and their effects on service operations flexibility. We divide the structural elements decisions into capacity, location, integration/networking, and technology while infrastructural elements decisions include worker empowerment, quality leadership, and team management. Service operations flexibility is divided into internal robustness and external flexibility. An instrument to measure all the factors is knowing and pre-tested on 30 MBA students with slight changes as required. Thereafter, a pilot study was directed to operations managers of 23 Malaysian service organizations to check the reliability of the in strument. All items used to measure the studied factors are found to be reliable. Factor analysis readjusts our independent factors. With the new defined factors, we regresses them against the internal and external flexibility. We also found the dominant influences of structural and the supporting influence of infrastructural elements to the service operations flexibility.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis research is supported by a research grant of National University of Malaysia (UKM GUP EP 07 18 113)