Essay examples --

In the given constraints of Cost, Bulkiness and Portability we pass on design a unused phone based Fundus imaging thingmabob. Device application software will solve the more problem like Automatic Glaucoma Detection and Image sweetener problem so that its doesnt required trained user for operation.That will be possible by embedding the Optical(image capturing unit), Electronic (Microprocessor), Communication media(Wi-fi,Blue-tooth,Web etc) and Data base in a single device (Figure 2.1). This branch will capture magnified fundus image in CMOS Camera. To make its possible by interfacing direct ophthalmoscope with CMOS Camera.Ophthalmoscope is an instrument that is use for examining the privileged structures of the eye, especially the retina, consisting essentially of a mirror that reflects light into the eye and a central hole through which the eye is examined. Here it will interface device and human eye.We will used smart phone high resolution ($$ 5MP) Camera for the same. Use a m obile phone holder (Rapid Prototype Model) to bestride Mobile phone camera on ophthalmoscope. sectionImage Accusation and Data managementOptical image of the fundus is converted into digital form by Mobile phone inbuilt Camera. Initially capture image/video is saved in local on board memory or SD Card. This section handles the data organization and management work such that we can easily find out any patient data.To organized data it will do flowing task eginenumerateitemCreate Folder whose Name is same Patient IDitemSave Image/Video in that cuspitemRight and Eye In setion is used to do file naming .endenumerate sectionImage ProcessingThis section will perform all the image processing task, that is widely separated into two ... ...paration of around 10 mm. The ophthalmoscope used provides an easy entry into the eye, together with a wider battlefield of view to better observe eye conditions.paragraphThe unit captures the fundus image in a JPEG format, which gets stored in the ph one. The image is then processed for detection of its optical disk and cup, after which the respective areas are calculated to compute the CDR for setting up the threshold for the affected eye. The image processing operations as discussed above are inbuilt in the Android Application.paragraph The setup for capturing the fundus image of a persons eye using the developed clay is shown in figure 2.2. The system is held very close to the persons eye to be detected for Glaucoma. The real time application on the phone displays the image. Also, it prints out the result in a format which can easily be interpreted.

Choices and Consequences in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Choices and Consequences in the Epic of GilgameshConsequences are inevitable. A decision made today will shed consequences that can last years or even a lifetime. Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu made choices that changed their lives forever. Consequences can be both positive and negative, but each is evenly long lasting. Such is the case with the story of Gilgamesh. Enkidu was made because Gilgamesh was non capable of being a good King. He was too arrogant and oppressive. Gilgamesh chose to be inequitable to his people. Of course Enkidu ends up being a good addition to Gilgameshs life. The friendship is beneficial to both Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Enkidu had been perfectly content running in the timberland with the marvelous animals. He never wanted more, possibly because he did not know how much more the world had to offer. Until Shamhat comes and takes Enkidus innocence, Enkidu does not even search for more than he already has. He was happy to eat grass and share the animals water hole. Enkidu loses his animal-like strength but gains understanding. At the end of his life, Enkidu briefly regrets his time with Shamhat, because of what it equal him. Shamash reminds him of the good that has come from his introduction to civilization. Boredom causes Gilgamesh and Enkidu to make another bad choice. Gilgamesh decides to make a name for him. Gilgamesh wants to go to the great cedar forest and cut down all the cedar trees. In order to do this they need to run through the Guardian of the Cedar Forest, Humbaba. Enkidu has seen this demon and initially tries to dissuade Gilgamesh. Enkidu is not the only one trying to discourage this adventure. The elders and Ninsun also try to discourage the adventure. Gilgamesh is given many opportunities to make a different choice, but does not demand to. He continues on to make a name for himself. Even in the midst of the battle Gilgamesh is given the opportunity to spare the life of Humbaba. Once once again Gilgamesh makes a choice, h e chooses to slay the great demon. Humbaba then curses Enkidu. Sometimes a choice may not only affect the one that makes the choice, but others also. Gilgamesh chooses to kill Humbaba. Enkidu even tries to talk Gilgamesh out of it, but in the end it was Gilgamesh that is cursed.Later another choice that Gilamesh makes affects Enkidu. Ishtar wants Gilgamesh.

Service Learning Essay -- Education Educating College University Essay

The Society for Experiential Education defines service learning as, any cargonfully monitored service experience in which a student has intentional learning goals and reflects actively on what he or she is learning throughout the experience (Staton 1). helper learning is a great opportunity to get extra learning experiences while also experiencing the community around the universities campus. Service learning allows students to apply what they atomic number 18 learning from their instructors, peers, and readings to genuine tasks that occur outside the four walls of the classroom while simultaneously helping others (Staton 1). Universities are using service learning to expand beyond the classroom and provide students with experiences that will benefit them in the future. Service learning provides students with some fundamental aspects of life that can simply not be taught in the classroom. Service learning is a very beneficial tool in expanding on class room topics in the real solid ground.There are many reasons why universities should incorporate service learning into their curriculum. One way that service learning is so beneficial to college curriculums is that it will cheapen the price of book of facts hours. some universities use up made the service learning free credits, which will appeal to students when they are making the decision to attend school. And trust me, as a college student, the cheaper the credit hour the more appealing the school is. Another very beneficial aspect of service learning in curriculums is that it gives students a taste of the real world. Service learning allows students to apply what they are learning to real-world problems, become more involved in the community surrounding the campus, and develop career g... ...nication (Staton 3). The students in these classrooms very benefit from the extra communication skills that are taught by the college students. Service learning is a program that many universities aroun d the country have turned to in order to improve their curriculum. It provides students with many excellent opportunities to go out in the community and get more then just a typical college education. The students who have been involved in service learning feel that they have become well-rounded human beings and have a taste of what it is like to function in the real world. Another great part of service learning is that not only the students benefit from it. The university, as well as the surrounding community are both rewarded by the program. Service learning is a great program that can be incorporated into any subject matter that a university offers.

classical conditioning :: essays research papers

Applications PaperThe paper presented is aimed at demonstrating the primary principals behind classical conditioning. By using a objective life example the textbook theory can be applied to a hypothetical patient suffering from a sleep disorder perchance somewhat brought on by a learnt experience.My female friend expresses the symptoms of alertness and insomnia comm exactly(prenominal) prior to one specific action brushing her teeth. The scenario given dictates that the only other time my friend brushes her teeth is prior to leaving for work in the morning and furthermore the text also highlights that her working life has comparatively recently become more stressful.Atkinson (1980) brings in to play the fact that stress is quite wantly to be the cause of the insomnia and alertness. By focusing specifically on Bond and McConkeys (2001) theory Classical conditioning can be defined as the pairing of some fixed temporal relationship of a neutral excitant and a input capable of re gularly and reliably eliciting a response we can potentially see that the night time stressfulness could be as a result of her becoming classically conditioned.To understand exactly how my friend has learned to display characteristics of stress in the evenings, prior to sleep, we must inform ourselves with the basic principals of classical conditioning.There are four definitions, which must first be made clear Wayne Written (2001) explains 1)The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) A arousal that evokes an limitless response without prior conditioning. In this scenario specifically the UCS would be my friend leaving for work in the mornings.2)The Unconditioned Response (UCR) Is an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned input that occurs without previous conditioning. In this case the response is quite obviously the stressful feeling my friend endures.Adopting Wayne Writtens (2001) description of our akin like scenario, so far common fig tree 1.1 below shows the relationship we hav e created. Without any learning-taking place the UCS of going to work has been associated with a conditioned response of feeling stressed. public figure 1.1Wayne Written (2001) continues3)The Controlled Stimulus (CS) Is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning acquired the capability a conditioned response. Again relating the CS to this example, we would be assume that the brushing of her teeth would have been previously a neutral stimulus and hence forming the controlled stimulus for this argument. 4)The Controlled Response (CR) Is a leant reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of prior conditioning.classical conditioning essays research papers Applications PaperThe paper presented is aimed at demonstrating the primary principals behind classical conditioning. By using a real number life example the textbook theory can be applied to a hypothetical patient suffering from a sleep disorder possibly somewhat brought on by a learnt experience.M y female friend expresses the symptoms of alertness and insomnia commonly prior to one specific action brushing her teeth. The scenario given dictates that the only other time my friend brushes her teeth is prior to leaving for work in the morning and furthermore the text also highlights that her working life has comparatively recently become more stressful.Atkinson (1980) brings in to play the fact that stress is quite likely to be the cause of the insomnia and alertness. By focusing specifically on Bond and McConkeys (2001) theory Classical conditioning can be defined as the pairing of some fixed temporal relationship of a neutral stimulus and a stimulus capable of regularly and reliably eliciting a response we can potentially see that the night time stressfulness could be as a result of her becoming classically conditioned.To understand exactly how my friend has learned to display characteristics of stress in the evenings, prior to sleep, we must familiarize ourselves with the ba sic principals of classical conditioning.There are four definitions, which must first be made clear Wayne Written (2001) explains 1)The Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without prior conditioning. In this scenario specifically the UCS would be my friend leaving for work in the mornings.2)The Unconditioned Response (UCR) Is an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning. In this case the response is quite obviously the stressful feeling my friend endures.Adopting Wayne Writtens (2001) description of our like like scenario, so far Fig 1.1 below shows the relationship we have created. Without any learning-taking place the UCS of going to work has been associated with a conditioned response of feeling stressed.Fig 1.1Wayne Written (2001) continues3)The Controlled Stimulus (CS) Is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning acquired the capability a conditioned response. Again relating the CS to this example, we would be assuming that the brushing of her teeth would have been previously a neutral stimulus and hence forming the controlled stimulus for this argument. 4)The Controlled Response (CR) Is a leant reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of prior conditioning.

America Needs a Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay -- Argumentative Persuasiv

Millions of people all over the United States choose motorcycles over automobiles for the thrill, speed, and high performance capabilities. On the other hand, motorcycles are not at all the safest way of transportation. Motorcycles do not provide the passenger with the outer protection that cars provide, therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually very much more serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for 76% of fatalities when dealing with motorcycle crashes many of which could have been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. For this reason, many states have take the motorcycle helmet law. The law states that every passengers must wear a helmet at all times when riding on a motorcycle. This law has created a spectacular deal of controversy. One side supports the law, believing that it protects motorcyclists from danger and saves the economy a great deal of money. The other side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our right to freedom. However, statistics fork up overwhelming support in favor of the motorcycle helmet law. Although wearing helmets cannot prevent motorcycle crashes, they can greatly reduce the number of deaths caused by head defacement as well as lowering taxes, insurance rates, and health care costs. Therefore, the helmet law should be put into effect in every state across the United States.Helmets drastically reduce the tremendous number of deaths caused by head injuries as well as reducing the severity of any ...

America Needs a Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay -- Argumentative Persuasiv

Millions of people all over the coupled States choose rides over automobiles for the thrill, speed, and high performance capabilities. On the other hand, motorcycles be not at all the safest way of transportation. Motorcycles do not provide the passenger with the outer protection that cars provide, therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually much more(prenominal) serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for 76% of fatalities when calling with motorcycle crashes many of which could have been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. For this reason, many states have adopted the motorcycle helmet law. The law states that every passengers must wear a helmet at all times when riding on a motorcycle. This law has created a great deal of controversy. One side supports the law, believing that it protects motorcyclists from danger and saves the economy a great deal of money. The other side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our right to freedom. However, statistics show overwhelming support in favor of the motorcycle helmet law. Although wearing helmets cannot prevent motorcycle crashes, they can greatly reduce the number of deaths caused by head injury as well as lowering taxes, insurance rates, and health care costs. Therefore, the helmet law should be put into effect in every state across the United States.Helmets drastically reduce the tremendous number of deaths caused by head injuries as well as reducing the severity of any ...

Mary Wollstonecraft`s Vindication of the Rights of Woman

bloody shame Wollst atomic number 53craft is considered as the m early(a) of feminism or or else the first feminist. Her earmark, A Vindication on the Rights of muliebrity, published in 1792, revolves around the central issue of womens rights especially with respected to women training. The book is addressed to Edmund Burke and is considered a milestone in the history of feminism. Mary Wollstonecraft was born in London, in 1759, to John Edward Wollstonecraft and Elizabeth Dickson.She had an older brother, Edward (Ned), and four younger siblings. Mary Wollstonecraft lived in Paris during the most climactic episode of the French vicissitude the trial and beheading by guillotine of King Louis XVI. Marys father was gruff and abusive and her mother passive and neglectful. Despite this, Mary acquired her education in Yorkshire and do friends with clergyman Mr. Clare who recognized her intelligence and introduced her to the Bible, the works of Jonathan Swift, William Shakespeare and John Milton. In 1788 Wollstonecraft began to establish herself as a writer.She was a prolific writer and she wrote for Joseph Johnsons monthly periodical, The analytic Review. In 1790 Mary wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Men in response to Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Revolution in France, and thereby established her credentials not except as a woman of opinion, but as a woman who was happy to voice her opinions on an equal platform with other intellectuals of the period.Edmund Burke, a sentience of Ameri fuck Independence as saw the Glorious French Revolution of 1688 as a moderate and cautious settlement. In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, (1790), Burke aimed to denounce Price, to attack the French revolutionaries and their principles, and to defend the British constitution and the notion of prescriptive right. He argued that vice and individual selfishness quite than government were the suit of clothes of social unhappiness.Supporting the aristocracy, Bu rke made part of his argument through scenealized pictures of familiar and familial relationships, especially of the French queen Marie Antoinette as mother and lady, worthy bearing of chivalric devotion. These pictures were evently revolting to Wollstonecraft, who did not admire untold, the aristocratic families. This book, then, is a reply to the arguments of Edmund Burke.In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft calls for a revolution in distaff manners. Wollstonecraft argued that females are in all the most important aspects the same as males and women are superior in the context of strength of mind, perserverance and fortitude. On the basis of these philosophical arguments of sexual equality Wollstonecraft called for the reform of female education, arguing that girls should be educated in the same subjects and by the same methods as boys.She further advocated a motif revision of British law to enable a new, egalitarian marriage in which women would share eq ually in the management and possession of all folk resources. She demanded that women be paid equally for their labor, that they gain the civil and legal right to possess and distribute property, that they be admitted to all the most prestigious professions. And she argued that women should be presumption the right to vote.On Love, Sentiment, Passion and EmotionsWollstonecraft accuses men of judgmentally viewing women as females rather than human beings and hence has been more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and keen mothers (Wollstonecraft, xxxi). Wollstonecraft questions why females should always be degraded by being made subservient to love or lust. Wollstonecraft says that love is indeed a noble feeling but it should not be allowed to act as a block to tenablenessing. Sentimentally, a woman is considered as someone who needs to be trained to be a good wife.However, a woman who is trained only in pleasing her husband result not be able to a ppeal to a mans sexuality in the long run. When her sentimental and sexual appeal fades off, she is likely to seek approval from other men and become bitter. The author eloquently says love, perhaps, the most evanescent of all passions, gives place to jealousy or vanity (Wollstonecraft, page 27). Thus, Wollstonecraft indicates that there must not be too much sentiment should not be considered in the context of women education.Wollstonecraft points out to women who tend to acquire a certain artificial mode of behavior because of popular sentiment as to how they should behave. These people under the cloud of sentiment tend to lose their original powers of thinking. The greater numbers of people take their opinions on trust to quash the trouble of exercising their own minds, and these indolent beings naturally adhere to the letter, rather than the spirit of a law, divine or human (Wollstonecraft, 185).She says its because of their foolish sentiment that makes them fear the eye of man . Their sentiment based behavior is based on having a good reputation and not because of chastity or other virtues. To prove the above conclusion, Wollstonecraft cites the examples of affairs that married women of high class society indulge in, and contrasts it to the degradation suffered by a young woman in love. This is principally because of the sentiment that married women have good reputation.The respect for the sentiment of the world has, however, been termed the principal duty of woman in the most express words, for Rousseau declares, that reputation is no less indispensable than chastity. According to Wollstonecraft, A sentiment that often exists unsupported by virtue, unsupported by that sublime morality which makes the habitual breach of one duty a breach of the whole moral law (Wollstonecraft, 197). Thus, according to the author, sentiment should be one that is supported by virtue and values. Only such sentiment based on values can lead to morality and truly great chara cter. This value-based sentiment can be had only through education and a thinking mind, which is why the author supports the right of women to education.The author also points to the fact that the sentimental image of a woman is provided through novels. She feels that women rights in particular write works of fiction that are all steeped in sentimental jargon, which tend to corrupt the mind and the heart. The female characters are often stereotyped and shown as submissive and having no thinking brain of their own. Women writers tend to prefer unnatural sentimental flights of fantasy in their works and in the process they create prejudicious stereotypes. Wollstonecraft complains of Elizabeth Inchbalds A Simple Story (1791).She points out that all female writers tend to give a sanction to the libertine reveries of men, poison the minds of their own sex, and strengthen a male prejudice that makes women systematically weak? Contrary to sentimental novels, novels of sensibility matter b ecause they shape behavior and serve as an index to broader cultural ills. Woman is made by her education the slave of sensibility, Wollstonecraft observes (174). She holds that novels, music, poetry, and gallantry make women creatures of sensation (78) through their sentimental content. Thus she holds that sentimental stereotypes of women tend to create emotional women on the whole their thoughts turn on things calculated to excite emotion and feeling, when they should reason, their conduct is unstable, and their opinions wavering (77). She says that education that tends to inflame the passions must indeed be miserable. Education should strengthen the passions and not inflame them.The sentiment of being always a woman is the very consciousness that degrades the sex (135). Here, Wollstonecraft points out the subtle connection between emotion and reason. She agrees that a man, or a woman, of any feeling, must always wish to convince a beloved object that it is the caresses of the in dividual, not the sex, that are received and returned with pleasure and, that the heart, rather than the senses, is moved. Without this natural delicacy, love becomes a selfish person-to-person gratification that soon degrades the character (135). She carries the sentiment still further.She says, affection can justify many personal gestures, but accepting liberal gestures in the name of gallantry is despicable. When a man squeezes the hand of a pretty woman, handing her to a carriage, whom he has never seen before, she will consider such an impertinent freedom in the light of an insult, if she has any true delicacy, instead of being flattered by this unmeaning homage to beauty (135). The understanding can come only by eradication of sentimental notions. She questions Rousseau as to how he can expect women to be virtuous and constant when reason is not the macrocosm of their character or truth the pursuit of their inquiries.Wollstonecraft opines that women must try to improve their character but they cannot do this as long as they are inclined to their sentiments. They need to curb the wild emotions that agitate a reed, over which ever passing breeze has power? (28). According to the author, love, the common passion replaces select and reason with chance and sensation. This passion however subsides like a fever once the security of marriage sets in. On the other hand, reasoning can allow a man and woman to enjoy the calm tenderness of friendship and the confidence of respect.Underlining the fleeting nature of love, eloquently Wollstonecraft says Passions are spurs to action, and open the mind but they go down into mere appetites, become a personal and momentary gratification when the object is gained, and the satisfied mind rests in enjoyment (28). She even says wickedly, that caresses which should excite confidence in his children are lavished on the overgrown child, his wife (28) thereby indicating in a subtle manner that all emotions only serve in keepi ng her stagnant at her childhood state of mind.She describes the sentiment of a woman as the outcome of a mistaken education, a narrow uncultivated mind, and many sexual prejudices (31) that tend to keep a woman loyal to her husband if sentiments were to rule, she says, life is better spent in eating drinking and loving. But then, it is only a fleeting shadow. She says that reasoning should be able subside love into friendship. But here, the author clarifies that she does not allude to romantic passion which cannot be clipped, but rather she refers to the small enjoyments of life.Thus we find that the book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is one that surpasses the test of time. Women today still remain tied to their emotions either by choice or by society. This makes the book relevant even in the modern day context. A revolutionary figure in a revolutionary time, Wollstonecraft took up and lived out not only the liberal call for womens educational and moral equality, but also vi rtually all of the other related, violently contested questions of the 1790s questions pertaining to the principles of semipolitical authority, tyranny, liberty, class, sex, marriage, childrearing, property, prejudice, reason, sentimentality, promises, suicide, to mention only a few. Clearly, she struck many a raw nerve and faced huge opposition. That her views are relevant till today, mark Wollstonecraft and her book as classics in feminist literature. The book is a must read for anyone interested in the history of feminism. BibliographyWollstonecraft, Mary (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

Maquiladora Industry

In this paper I will converse the history and practices of the Maquiladora industry. I will discuss its background, its problems, the benefits it offers to United States companies, and the impact the NAFTA has and will halt on the industry. In addition, I will make a suggestion on a possible scheme the Maquiladoras can adopt in order to address the challenges brought on by the NAFTA, to ensure it remains a strong force in the future.Mexican verdant role players had been granted temporary work visas allowing them to work in the United States agricultural industries through a course called the Bracero Program until 1965 when this program was terminated. As a response of this termination, the unemployment rate had exceeded 70% in certain border cities. In May of 1965 the Border Industrialization Program was open up as a replacement for the Bracero program. It was after renamed the Maquiladora Program.The program was established by the Mexican government to provide employment for Mexicos rapidly growing population along its border with the United States. This program was utilized to keep Mexicans from entering the United States. The idea was that Mexican workers would be kept on the Mexican side of the border if they were given factory jobs on the Mexican side. The Maquiladora program also necessityed to attract foreign manufacturing facilities, technology, and fuck-how by giving a permanent tax revenue holiday to manufacturing companies that would set up vis-a-vis plants on the Mexican side of the border.In the beginning of the program, all foreign-owned operations had to be located within a 20-kilometer strip along the US-Mexican border. Since 1972 they can be located anywhere in Mexico. In 1996 there were around 2,500 Maquiladoras 35% of them were located in the interior states of Mexico. Last year there were over 3,000 and to a greater extent and more of these operations are creation located outside of the border regions. Each of Mexicos 31 state s has at least one Maquiladora.Maquiladoras, also referred to as in bond or twin plants, are allowed to temporarily import into Mexico (free of tax) machinery, equipment, replacement parts, raw materials, and just about anything that was used in the assembly or manufacture of semi-finished or finished products. Once assembled or manufactured, the Maquila products must be exported unless special permission is obtained to sell a limited amount of output in the Mexican grocery. When these products are import back to the United States, import duties are levied on the foreign value-added only. If Maquila products stay in Mexico, the are subject to applicable Mexican duties.The largest issue surrounding the Maquiladora industry is the exploitation of cheap labor. The working conditions are often unsafe, workers are not compensated adequately for their labor, attempts to unionize are discourage and sexual discrimination and harassment are too common.The conditions in and outside the Maqu iladoras are terrible. Workers perform tasks such as welding without protective masks, leather gloves, or goggles (in many instances) and industrial accidents and toxic exposures are common. This, along with malnutrition caused by low salaries, produce skin illnesses, cancer, irregularities in menstruation, abortions, tumors, intoxication and birth of undernourished or disabled babies.Of the employees, many are young girls and women ranging from the ages of 14 to 20. They work 6 days a week in 10-hour shifts. The average weekly salary for a Maquiladora worker is US$35 $45 even though the average monthly rent for a house with public serve such as running water and electricity is around $200 a month.For the close to part, Maquiladoras are unorganized. In those that are organized, state-controlled unions represent the workers. Although some companies are unionize on paper, the unions, for the most part, function to reinforce management policies rather than for the benefit of worker s. Then there are what are called phantom unions. These unions do not compact for the workers rights. The workers do not even know them and have never seen their union leaders. When a conflict arises in a factory, management informs the worker that their unions have accept these or those conditions. Not only are they not protected by existing unions, those that attempt to unionize and are often peril or bribed by plant managers and the government.In many companies, discrimination against and harassment of the female employees is very common. Female job applicants are required to produce piddle samples to be used for pregnancy test, while some have company doctors and nurses examine the applicants or ask confidential information concerning their contraceptive practices. This is done because significant women are refused employment. Sexual harassment is often the rule rather than the exception. Rapes occur frequently and few are report because women fear being fired or blacklisted . Shame and humiliation also keep them quiet. In Mexico, men and women are equal before the law, but the law does not recognize discrimination as a problem to be solved.The Pollution Brought on by the MaquiladorasThe increased pollution, accompanied by the dumping of tons of hazardous wastes, poses a serious health threat to the residents of Mexico as well as the resident of the bordering US states. There are several canals that are black with chemical wastes that have been measured at levels that greatly exceed permissible standards. One factory was caught dumping drums of paint, solvents, and shellac into a drain. In other areas there are abandoned lead smelters and pains full of soot and dust from brick-making ovens and smoldering tire dumps.Main Advantages for the United States CompaniesFor the United States companies this was a great advantage since Maquiladoras operates at very low cost in places where the currency is weaker than the dollarsuch as Mexico. The less a currency is worth, the more relative value the dollar has. Since Mexicos peso is relatively week, companies can trade their dollars for pesos with which they pay workers and expenses. The products they manufacture, however, are sold for dollars, increasing their profits by huge margins whenever the local currency falls. They could enhance competitiveness, reduce their costs, and maintain whole step by placing their labor-intensive operations in the less developed Mexico, benefiting from the lower wage rates there.For many US companies, manufacturing in Mexico has become necessary to competitiveness overseas competition. Since many manufacturers are moving to just-in-time inventory systems, the quick delivery possible from Mexicos border towns offers a substantial advantage over Asian alternatives.The NAFTAs Impact on the Maquiladora IndustryTraditionally, Maquiladoras offered foreign clientelees several advantages over other forms of direct foreign investment. Since the signing of NAFTA , however, many of these advantages are either being phased-out or granted to all Mexican companies. The most significant advantages of operating as a Maquiladoras include 100% foreign investment, operation without ownership of assets, tax sheltering of cost centers, and 100% duty-drawback or waivers for temporary imports. Furthermore, the NAFTA attempted to address the labor exploitation and environmental problems associated with the Maquiladora industry.One of the benefits of the Maquiladora program is 100% foreign investment of Mexican operations, which formerly was not allowed. However, Mexicos Foreign Investment Law has changed through the years (most significantly in 1989 and 1994)-full investment is now allowed in most business ventures.Operation Without Ownership of AssetsAnother advantage that Maquiladoras have is that they can receive production materials and capital goods as loans from their parent and client companies. As a result, most Maquiladoras have little of no inv entory of fixed assets, eliminating the need to pay the Mexican asset tax of 2% of all assets. In January 1995, the Mexican IRS reported that Maquiladoras would now have to factor the depreciation of loaned assets in price-transfer calculations, which is the first step toward phasing-out this advantage by 2001.When Maquiladoras are structured as cost center (providing manufacturing services for a foreign parent) the foreign corporation has traditionally paid the Mexican company for operating costs plus negligible profit. By doing this they avoid Mexicos 34% corporate income tax, 10% mandatory profit sharing, and asset taxes. Now the Mexican IRS is changing the way Maquiladoras must declare assets. Over the next few years, Maquiladoras will be forced to raise their declared profit percentage to a rate that is comparable to that of two unrelated companies performing the same operation at arms length. This is the type of transfer pricing procedure that is implemented by most trading b locks, handle the EC. It will soon be effect throughout North America.100% Duty-Drawback or Waivers for Temporary ImportsMaquiladoras have always allowed Mexican companies 100% duty drawback or waivers in imported components that are exported as final goods. Since 1994, this has provided many Maquiladora programs a way to use non-NAFTA materials within products without the need to pay the corresponding duties over those materials when importing or merchandise goods to other NAFTA nations. On January 1, 2001, Maquiladoras that manufacture goods for export to NAFTA partner countries will no longer be allowed to take the waiver. The waiver will still be gettable for goods that are going to non-NAFTA countries.In 1995 the NAFTAs of Labor created the National Administrative Office (NAO) as well as the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC). Both were intended to stop labor abuses. The NOA was established to monitor labor complaints that NAFTA critics voice regarding un fair labor practices. The NAO can recommend ministerial consultations as well as imposed heavy sanctions against Mexico. Unfortunately, the side agreements proved useless. The NOA cannot force Maquiladoras to allow unions-the most they can do is recommend ministerial consultations. Sexual harassment and discrimination continues as well.The NAFTA has also created side agreements covering the environment. One of them is the North American Development Bank (NAD Bank). Its purpose was to finance effluent treatment projects along the border in the poorer communities. However, the most important criteria that needed to be met in order to receive funds were meeting certain market considerations. With this program NAFTA encouraged growth without regard for the environment through its practice of placing market consideration above environmental protection. Another is the Commission for Economic Cooperation (CEC). The CEC was established to investigate governmental non-enforcement of environ mental laws. Unfortunately it has no power to enforce ,they can only investigate-and they cant even do that until Mexico collects the data on the pollution for them.Possible Strategy for the Maquiladora IndustryAs long as the Mexican currency is weaker than the US dollar I dont count that the changes are going to dramatically effect the flow of US companies to the south. However, the Maquiladora industry cannot count on this for continued growth. By the year 2001 the Maquiladora industry as we know it now will have significantly changed when the phasing out is complete. Maquiladoras will no longer be tax break establishments they will be just like other foreign investments. In order for them to fully compete in the near future they must become more efficient and leaner. The impact of globalisation is forcing manufacturers to produce more rapidly and cheaply than ever before and to continuously improve. Because there will be no differentiation between the non-Maquiladora and Maquil adora industries I flavor the inefficient producers will be wiped out. Therefor, Maquiladora employees will need better training, education, incentives as well improved working conditions and higher wages. Operations will also have to be streamlined in order to reap the benefits of economies of scale and scope.In addition, Mexicans as well as US citizens will start to demand more accountability from the Mexican government and the Maquiladora industry. They need to be more responsible for their actions. What will the U.S. corporations do when human rights activists and environmentalists start lobbying and protesting on their US sites? Do they want to risk losing their shareholders to this type of negative attention?

Workplace Problems

A Britani Franklin, Kellie Johnson, Jennifer Vendura, & Rob Vendura PSY/435 August 7,2013 Carla Kuhiman I/O Psychology and Workplace Problems Many one-on-ones grapple with feeling overworked on the job. Unbalanced workloads lead to several(prenominal) negative aspects that stub hurt an organizations ability to function as a sticking unit. In this analysis, team up A entrust relate Kellies roll in the hay of feeling overworked. Team A result then charter a look manner that will best solve the issue, while applying more specific method actings to gain the clearest picture possible of the problem at hand.Finally, Team A will relate the ethical tradeations that must be iincluded in providing an applicable solution. Work Related Problem Unbalanced Workload- Kellie Speaks Working in one of the largest enlighten districts in Colorado, one would think the communications department would be at the top of the priority list when it comes to the number of people they would have to keep those gears moving. Being a five-year veteran of the establishment, I have seen people come and go. I am what you call the utility player.I spend my day trying to figure verboten what everyone else necessitate to be happy. My technical job title is Community Relations Coordinator. I spend 40 to 50 hours a week supporting the public tuition officer and the community relations officer- setting their meetings, filling their calendars, and reminding them of what they need to do and where they need to be. I need to make them look good. A great make out of my job consists of answering the phone for them and the superintendent of Schools.These phone calls usually are upset parents that want to talk about why little Johnny didnt get into the special art class they requested or, did you realize there is 3 inches of snow on the ground and why didnt we brush asidecel school today? I also have two videographers that I have to send out to shoots at locations tthroughout our 900 mile district. We have over 84 schools. The Superintendent runs the district like a Fortune 500 company. This can have its positives and negatives. I understand that having over 6,000 employees could compel an individual to run things like this- hardly ometimes it can also make it very impersonal. I am the only support staff these people have. I do, however, get a 3o minute eat that I usually buck at my desk. This is usually a delicious frozen entree or leftovers of some sort that I bring from home. regular when I skip lunch I still cannot find enough time in the day to finish my tasks, which mearns they get pushed back to the next day. This can be very frustrating as the tasks pile up. By the end of the week, sometimes I have more than I started with and I end up taking work home.For these reasons, my solecism is relevant to the study of I/O psychology unbalanced workloads are not limited to my job and solutions to this will be welcomed by individuals in every employment sector. A nalyzing the Issue Research Method(s) If Team A was composed of Industrial/Organizational psychologists, we would begin our analysis of Kellies work problem with a research question. Research questions can be general or specific, but to ascertain a better understanding of the problem a specific question is of greater benefit (Spector, 2012).To this end, our research question would likely be What is causing employees to feel overburdened by an unbalanced workload? In this way, Team A has defined the objective of the study and identified the specific problem at issue (Spector, 2012). Our next step is to decide what research method is most appropriate in addressing the issue. Although a thoroughly balanced study generally includes qualitative and quantitative research methods- with quantitative methods used to meet data-based support for qualitative findings- Team A will opt to employ only qualitative methods at this point (Mahoney Goertz, 2006).We must also take into estimate t hat the issue will be perceived differently by employees, supervisors, and ourselves as the psychologists researching the issue (Stagner, 1982). Our research question has a high degree of subjeactivity what is considered too a good deal work by one employee can be considered entirely manageable by another. For these reasons, Team A will use more than one method of qualitative research with the remnant of reaching a realistic and applicable solution. Qualitative methods involve several mearns of studying organizational issues.Among these are data-based studies, scale studies, interviews (Spector, 2012). Team A will begin by conducting structured oral interviews of employees and supervisors. In this way, we will begin to paint a broad picture of the issue with the goal of identifying different employee perspectives to be reconciled through other research methods in the future (Rojon, McDowell, Saunders, 2011). Conducted face to face with staff members, Team A will pose specific que stions in the interviews.Likely questions include What is your hourly wage or salary? How many hours per week do you work? What are your specific tasks and duties? Do you have support staff? Does your company have an employee break/lunch ppolicy and if so, is it enforced? Do you have one supervisor, or do you report to several? Do you feel you have adequate technological resources and/or support? How well do you get along with your fellow employees? How many, if any, tasks are left sketchy each day? Why are those tasks left unfinished?Although the above list of questions is hardly exhaustive, Team A will get an idea of the varying perspectives bound to be held by different employees in this manner. Following the collection of interviews, Team A will attempt to interpret the results through content analysis (an evaluation of the details and implications of the aanswers received) and thematic analysis in which recurring themes among responses will be identified (Siop. org, 2013). Bec ause Team A wants to get the clearest picture of the issue possible, observational research methods will also be used.Team A will rely on the participant observation method whereby we will become members of the workplace crowd by conforming to the collective culture of the cohort. In this way, sharper insight will be gained into the cohorts methods, group and individual motivation, behavior, and emotions (Mahoney Goertz, 2006). This method has constituent(a) problems Team A will try to avoid. For example, observer bias can come into play events are often interpreted through the lens of an individuals unique experiences and are not always objective in relation to solving problems.Team A is also aware of the problem of reaactivity- a phenomenon by which an observer inadvertently influences the environment he or she is observing (Ucdavis. edu, n. d. ). Team A hopes that by utilizing structured oral interviews and participant observation enough data will be gathered in relation to th e problem of an unbalanced workload. The data gathered will then be subjected to more quantitative methods to garner empirical support for our findings (Mahoney Goertz, 2006). Tthroughout the process, Team A will remain cognizant of the ethical considerations to be taken into ccount. Ethical Considerations When considering the problem of unbalanced workloads in the workplace, Team A came across some ethical considerations. According to Industrial and Organization Psychology, there are six ethical codes an I/O psychologist must consider when researching an issue (Spector, 2012). These are competence, integrity, professional and scientific debt instrument, respect for others and dignity, concern for others welfare, and social responsibility. Competence describes the work an I/O psychologist has the ability to perform.Integrity describes that an I/O psychologist is fair(a) and honest when he or she deals with others. Professional and scientific responsibility describes an I/O psycho logists ability to maintain professional behavior. Respect for rights and dignity describes that an I/O psychologist respects the confidentiality of others privacy. Concern for others welfare describes an I/O psychologists attempt in helping others through professionalism. Social responsibility describes that an I/O psychologist uses his or her professionalism to benefit society (Spector, 2012).In studying these principals, Team A decided that the ethical considerations most outstanding in this research shield are competence, professional and scientific responsibility, and concern for others welfare. Competence in this research case is the most important ethical consideration. To begin, Team A has to make positive(predicate) that they are all willing and able to carry out this study. In beingness competent, one shows that he or she is able and ready to carry out tasks necessary to complete and carry out the goal- which is in this case how to remedy an unbalanced workload in Kell ies workplace.The second consideration, professional and scientific responsibility, is important because in researching this case it may be easy to gain biased credits of views. It may be hard to remain unbiased and consider how the people being overworked can benefit from figuring out how to give the people being underworked more tasks. Team A could easily gain a biased opinion of those not carrying their weight and slant the research unfairly. In remaining professional, all parties will be heard and spoken for, and professionalism can help to make sure enough that happens.The last element, concern for others welfare, is the best way to describe how Team A can come to a conclusion in this case study. The main goal is to make life easier for those in the workplace. Team A believes that helping those who do not carry their weight mearns to show them the value of hard work and how they can continue this lesson in life to better themselves. That is what this last ethical consideratio n entails. Team A, as professionals, commits to the ethical consideration of using their professionalism to help and better others.In this case study, the end goal is to help and improve others by taking some pressure off those who have been given heavy loads of work and grown more work to those individuals deemed underutilized. In conclusion, Kellie is hardly alone in feeling overworked on the job. Although Kellies story is a common one, solutions need to be found. In this analysis, Team A related in detail the ways in which Kellie feels overburdened at her place of employment. Team A then went on to choose qualitative research methods, including structured oral interviews and participant observation, to further analyze the issue.Finally, Team A highlighted specific ethical considerations- competence, professional and scientific responsibility, and concern for others welfare- to take into account while conducting research on the issue. References Mahoney, J. , Goertz, G. (2006). A tale of two cultures Contrasting quantitative and qualitative research. Political Analysis, 14, 227-249. Rojon, C. , McDowell, A. , Saunders, M. N. (2011). On the experience of conducting a regular review in industrial, work, and organizational psychology Yes, it is worthwhile.

The importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands

Explain the importance of the go picture in promoting and merchandise the work of commence stars or bands. Refer briefly to the development of genre over time. Music exposures are an important marketing tool for the medication artists and their discharge labels, offering a huge amount of visibility that can be cheaply and swiftly put into a wide range of television programmes. An interest or memorable moving-picture show can also enhance the favoriteity of the claim, causing it to become an even bigger success and therefore selling more copies of the song, as with AHA- Take on me.Their song sank without a trace until released with a great video, making an astounding comeback. The pop video also means that instead of having to bear in mind for new bands on the radio or from friends, you can watch for them on the television. There are many channels now thriving from the business of pop videos, such as MTV, giving artists permanent places to be seen and heard, therefore selli ng more music. One of the early pop videos was bohemian rhapsody by queen, being expert them on stage with some digitally added features also.But now as the genre has evolved, so has the video expression, with special effects, famous movie directors and time and m one(a)y being used. Thriller by Michael Jackson has a short movie which cost i700000 to make, but sold 50000000 copies. 205 words Analyse the appeal of a specific pop/rock video as a marketing tool for the record company, you might like to explore who owns the record company the artists record is released on how the video was fit and made how the video fits in the marketplace in which it was released where the video has been shown.Blur coffee and T. V. was written and sung by the bands guitarist Graham coxon. This video helps market the song to the tar followed audience (teens), using an interesting animated milk carton. Although the song is about a lost son, and the family looking for him, its made less true to life( predicate) and therefore less boring by substituting the milk carton for a person. Teens can relate more easily to a cartoon, and something quirky and overlord like this becomes a sensation fast, leaving the video and song as a must-see, must-haveThis video is further aimed towards teens by showing it on modern music channels (MTV, kerrang, etc). The record is released on EMI, a record company owned by Thorn EMI, which is also interested in lighting, retail outlets, computer software product and appliances. Interesting and memorable videos can be a much better marketing tool than the song can, such as coffee and T. V. where its a mini story, with a inception, middle and end. You can see this as it still makes sense with no song. The video in this case made the song so popular that it was released as a single the same year it was released on album.Further proving just how a video can make all the difference in earnings for the record company. Even with the popularity of the video a nd song though, blur is promoted and represented with little reference to the company itself, only a mention at the beginning of the song under the name. But this doesnt matter as long as the video is seen by lots of people. This video was a real hit because of the aspect of being free, and away from home for teens, and also the cute, everyday item with life of its own this became a sensation across Britain. 01 words Create a hand- skeletal or photo story board for a pop video, focusing on the key moments rather than every line of the lyrics. You should imagine you have been commissioned by a record company you could include the brief given by the company and your evaluation of the finished product, focusing on how successful a marketing tool you think your video go away be. I think that my video will be a successful marketing tool for the song it will accompany.This is because the target audience will be teens, and the video features a real- life teen scenario. Its about the str uggle of a boy trying to get a girl he likes to notice him, and eventually they fall in love. This will appeal to teens as its their age group shown, but also because it shows a very real situation, and brings forward one of the biggest parts of a teens life dating. This will interest teens as its something they can relate to, and an interesting topic that could possibly help them with dating.The close- ups in the video take us almost into the mind of the character, and as we only let people we trust get that close, they make for an loose shot. This is an attention-grabbing shot and makes you concentrate on the video. Also, split screen is used to show what each character is doing at the same time, i. e. there is one where they are walk each other, and you can see both their faces. These shots are interesting also, as you get 2 different points of view, showing the first indications of romance in one case.The rest of the video is basically long and medium shots of the characters going about their lives, with the boy in love with this girl. This supports the lyrics, and echoes them in a visual image that will help the song tenfold by providing an interesting video. This will stick in the minds of teens for the reason that its part of their lives. I think this easy to understand, and relate-to love- flick video will help teens feel involved in the artists songs, therefore boosting sales.

Stigma in retirement

IntroductionCompany retirement is no longer stigma in today s universe. More and more flock are go oning to cultivate afterwards retirement historic period for a assortment of lands. No uncertainty for a big construe the chief ground for works after retirement age will be fiscal, but for others accomplishing a balance between work and place life is an of import issue. nearly people do really rede the chance of halting work wholly as a chilling option and many will backup their manner into retirement by go oning to work but with more flexible or parttime hours. There are around 6 1000000s people between the age of 50 and retirement age placid actively employed.TheoryMortgages No Longer a Stigma in RetirementReflecting a monolithic alteration from the prior coevals when a major end of retirement was to burn the mortgage, more than 55 per centum of boomers surveyed who presently contrive mortgages do non be after to pay their mortgages wrap up until their 70s, if of all time. This tendency was most marked in the Western US, where 31 per centum of those with mortgages do non of all time intend to pay them off, compared with 25 per centum in the South, 18 per centum in the Midwest and 11 per centum in the Northeast. Of the 500 boomers surveyed about two-thirds presently have mortgages on their abodes. The staying 3rd either rent or do non h former(a) a mortgage.Contrary to conventional wisdom, mortgages spate really be a wealth-building tool for boomers throughout their retirement years.In add-on to their revenue enhancement benefits, mortgages protagonist liberate up financess that otherwise would be tied up in belongings ownership for investing in equities.1 ) The normal retiring age for lasting employees is 60 ( 60 ) old ages. The retirement age of 60 ( 60 ) for ATS ply must be enforced, as agreed by finance and General Purposes Committee, Mona, at its meeting held on September 27,1999.2 ) An employee whitethorn be retired before the age of 60 ( 60 ) if he/she is found to be enduring from a chronic medical status, or is for good handicapped and, as a consequence, is unable to to the full or decently dispatch the undertakings, responsibilities and duties of his/her occupation, or comply with the footings and conditions of his/her consumption.The effectual day of the month of retirement is the staff member s sixtieth birthday. Therefore, the last on the job cardinal hours would be the twenty-four hours on which he/she attains the age of 60.PensionMembers of staff who were employed and lending to the pension strategy prior to August 1, 2002, can predict a ball nerve centre payment of their employee and employer s part or purchase a pension with the returns from his or her Old-age pension.Members who joined the strategy on or after August 1, 2002 may merely buy a pension with the returns from their old-age pension.HealthThe University covers the full cost of wellness insurance for retired persons who are in answer of a pe nsion from the University.Impermanent employment beyond retiring age may be granted up to the age of 65 ( 65 ) . In really exceeding instances, the University may see transient employment beyond the age of 65 ( 65 ) , but non beyond 70 ( 70 ) old ages. Retirees may merely be hold where the station has been advertised and a suited replacing is non found.If a suited replacing is non found and the retired staff member is to be re-engaged, there must be a interruption in service for a lower limit of two ( 2 ) hebdomads. The retired person will be issued a peculiar(prenominal) consume for services by the Human Resource Management Division with footings negotiated between the retired staff member and the University. These footings will include an across-the-board amount, which will non needfully be the same as those for a regular staff member. Under this ignore, the retired person will be engaged to supply detail services to the University under specific footings of mention. This e dit should be of a fixed period non transcending one ( 1 ) twelvemonth and will include an terminal of contract tip of 10 % of the contract amount.The granting of such petition for re-employment is at the discretion of the University.The Finance and General Purposes Committee, Mona, established the following standards to be applied purely beyond 65 ( 65 ) old ages, but laxly between 60-65 old ages.The employee must hold rendered outstanding service in a peculiar field and should hold demonstrated a proper work attitude. This should be clearly stated in a particular rating of the employee by the Head of Department and should be supported by a summarised research into the employee s record by the Human Resource Management Division.The employee must be in a province of physical/genial fittingness, grounds of which should be corroborated by the employee s medical history as recorded in his/her file.The Head of Department must be able to bespeak that the work of the Department would be a dversely affected if the cognition, accomplishments and experience of the employee were non retained.Re-engagement of a retired person is capable to a satisfactory medical report..1. Normal IncreasesIf an employee is granted prolongation of assignment on a annual footing the Head of Department should do a recommendation for the granting of any one-year increase.2. Long Service AwardAn employee s impermanent service beyond retirement will be regarded for the intents of finding eligibility for Long Service Award.3. Educational FacilitiesA retired person who is appointed on a impermanent contract beyond the retiring age, along with his/her wife/ hubby and/or kids, who has been accepted for entry to the University are exempt from paying tuition and scrutiny fees.4. Commissariats in the event of DeathThe University will pay to the widow or widowman, or if there are orphan dependent kids, to a legal guardian for their benefit, a particular grant of an sum equivalent to one twelvemonth s wage at the rate at which a deceased employee on impermanent contract beyond retiring age was paid as at 1st August predating decease.PensionAt retirement, members of staff are paid the accrued value of their Federation retirement benefit Scheme for Universities ( FSSU ) financess. If the member of staff is tenured and has served for more than 10 ( 10 ) old ages continuously with the University, an appraisal is done and, if necessary, a auxiliary pension is provided.HousingRetired members of staff who were housed in University lodging instantly prior to the effectual day of the month of their retirement, are allowed to stay in University adjustment for up to three months after retirement, nevertheless, they would be required to pay a monthly lease at the appropriate commercial rate.Book GrantStaff members traveling on retirement may utilize, within one ( 1 ) twelvemonth of their retirement, the balance of the Grant credited to their history at the day of the month of retirement.Hea lthThe University covers the full cost of wellness insurance for retired persons who are in reception of a pension from the University.Personal Rewards Outrank Economic Rewards as Reason to WorkMore than three quarters ( 76 % ) of boomers surveyed who are still functional program to go on working after age 62, the age when they are eligible to have Social Security. A singular 40 per centum program to go on working into their 70s. For those who will go on working past age 62, the major ground cited ( 72 % ) to go on working was for the intellectual and societal stimulation work provides, followed by the end of go bying criterion of life at 51 per centum and to avoid tapping into nest eggs at 41 per centum. The form was the same for those be aftering to work into their 70s, with three quarters be aftering to maintain working for rational and societal stimulation and 39 per centum to keep their criterion of life. Economicss are non the primary ground these flush boomers are go oning to work. They are making the highest degree in their callings, doing more money, learning and developing the moderner members of our custodywork provides satisfactions good beyond their demand for income.Of those taking the study, 29 per centum describe themselves as being retired in the conventional sense, while 71 per centum are still employed.But in Britain retirement is non a stigma.They can non be denied from the occupation on the footing of age.Your Right to WorkRegulations in Britain mean that an employer can non know by against workers on the evidences of age. These ordinances were brought into consequence in 2006 in order that honest-to-god people have the same rights to employment, preparation and grownup instruction. It is improper for an employer to utilize age as a ground for favoritism on the undermentioned points Deny person preparationPrevent publicityDismiss person from their employmentDeny employment to personRetire person before the province employment age or the company s ain retirement age without a valid groundHowever, an employer still has the right to decline person over the age of 65 or over said employer s usual company retirement age, and they do non necessitate to give any grounds or justifications.Working and Your State PensionIf you are go oning to work after retirement age so you can either claim your pension or postpone it. If you choose to get hold of your pension afterwards so you may be able to acquire a higher rate of pension subsequently on, or you may be able to take the deferred sum as a ball amount. The ball amount will be nonexempt but will hold added involvement and so you can get down having your normal pension. If you are sing either of these options so you will necessitate to detain claiming your pension for at least five hebdomads in order to have the higher rate. For the ball amount you will necessitate to detain for at least 12 back-to-back months.Finding WorkThere are eternal possibilities for older worke rs when it comes to happening employment. Many older employees wrongly assume that they will be passed over in favor of younger employees but this is non ever the instance. Some employers pay heed favorably on older workers due to their dependability, accomplishments, and the fact that they take less ill clip than younger employees.There are authorities strategies specifically intentional to assist older people find employment such as New Deal 50 Plus and New Deal for Disabled People. These strategies are designed to assist older people who are happening it hard to obtain employment or happening employment that pays a nice pay. Job-sharing is besides an first-class manner of working part-time or working to more flexible hours you can ever inquire your employer if they would see flexible hours.Asked about their figure one calling end over the following five old ages, most boomers ( 53 % ) will go on making their current work until they retire, while a one-fourth of boomers are se eking continued growing in their current callings. Merely 10 per centum citation to halt working as a end.Voluntary WorkVoluntary work is an first-class option if you are sing go oning to work after retirement age. Although normally unpaid, you can derive valuable new accomplishments, and some voluntary occupations will pay revenue enhancement free disbursals or reimburse your disbursals. Volunteer occupations can include working for the Citizens Advice Bureau ( taxicab ) , working in tourer information offices and charity stores, voluntary drivers, or you can even go a local council member.Continuing to work after retirement is a popular and good pick for many older workers. The retirement age is merely a guideline when it comes to work there is no ground why you can non work long past retirement age if you are healthy and able to.Private Investment Accounts Fund RetirementsAsked what the chief spring of support for retirement is, the largest figure of boomers ( 31 % ) cited inves tings outside of a retirement program as the principal beginning that will fund their retirement. This happening supports the importance of keeping a robust personal investing program throughout a life-time, says Jim Bell. To have a comfy retirement, this coevals must augment traditionalistic tax-deferred retirement nest eggs programs and pensions, with their ain investing program ideally by using a healthy mix of equity investments.Baby boomers rank the principal beginning of retirement support asInvestings outside of a retirement program 31 %Pension program 23 %Company-sponsored programs such as 401 ( K ) 19 %Individual Retirement Account ( IRA ) 17 %Social Security 4 %Survey MethodologyThe Affluent Boomer Survey was conducted by Opinion Research Corporation from April 1-6, 2008, among a random sample of 500 grownups comprised of 250 work forces and 250 adult females who were born in 1948 and have investible assets of $ 1 million or more.Bell Investment Advisors offers inve sting direction, comprehensive fiscal planning, and career/life planning services to assist investors be after and accomplish their personal and retirement ends. The house manages more than $ 500 million for its more than 650 clients. In 2007, Bell Investment Advisors was named one of the Bay Area s 100 Fastest bend Privately Held Businesss by the San Francisco Business Times for the 4th twelvemonth in a row.

Critical Analysis of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of Nigeria 2007

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT OF NIGERIA 2007 AN OVERVIEW BEING ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED ON PUBLIC FINANCE (BKF 624) (FIRST SEMESTER COURSE WORK) BY ALAJEKWU UDOKA BERNARD 2008 162 001 disseminated multiple sclerosis PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF BANKING AND FINANCE FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ANAMBRA STATE UNIVERSITY LECTURER DR. EZEABASILI V. N. OCTOBER, 2009 Page 1 of 19 ABSTRACT monetary function dissemble 2007 was designed to regulate and supervise the monetary activities of public office holders in the earth.This paper critically considers the effectiveness and efficiency of the imple custodytation of the cultivate the machinery for implementation the powers and tenor of the members of the financial responsibleness Board the appointment of members of the Board financial policy/activity uniformity in/among the various tiers of organization the fiscal control on borrowing the key features of the Fiscal indebtedness symbo lize the consequences of the Fiscal state execute the protection of officeholders, among others.The paper hoped that Nigerias Fiscal Responsibility Act allow for streng indeed the nations pecuniary reporting and ensue better circumspection of its resources. The paper then concluded that the FRA provided the frequently unavoidable deterrent to stop public officers dipping their hands in the stirs till and then made some recomm destructionations for improvement. Page 2 of 19 Introduction Following the constant misappropriation, mis centering, and lack of stewardship and accountability in the nations public sector, the Fiscal Responsibility Bill was proposed for consideration by the President Obasanjo administration through the then Minister of Finance Prof.Okonjo-Iwuala N. The Bill was passed into law in 2007 as the Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2007. The Fiscal Responsibility Act provides for a body known as the Fiscal Management Council that comprises the Fiscal Responsibilit y Council and the Governing Board. The Council is charged with the responsibility of monitoring and enforcing the preparation of the Act to ensure accountability, transp arncy and prudence in the management of the nations resources by all tiers of authorities, government corporations or companies and agencies. at that placefore, the Fiscal Responsibility Council is the regulatory and supervisory body in the public sector.By this Act, it is expected that the normal Sector would set out a definite regulatory structure to act as watch dog on the activities of the public office holders and as checks on financial encroachment between/among tiers of government. This is expected to bring sanity and responsiveness into the public sector and among the various tiers of government in Nigeria. The Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) is a law to redirect government at all levels to imbibe a fiscal behaviour that result promote prudence and sound financial management in the system (http//www. udgetmonitoring. org/ Page 3 of 19 Spotlights/2007/02/26/News11618/). The Fiscal Responsibility Act recognizeks to ensure that the federal Government will never commit itself to sp annuling money without ensuring that it has the necessary stocks in place to begin with (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). Afemikhe, (20056), fingered the poor performance of the public sector despite teemingness of mineral resources in the realm and blamed all on corruption and mismanagement.Po turn upd thus how is it that a country with abundant human and natural resources, that held so much promise at independence and was trumpeted with significant sparing achievements in the decade following the oil boom has so rapidly fallen from grace to poop and indeed appears to throw away completely lost its way and its focus? The answer lies in the twin evils of corruption and poor public uptake management. Afemikhe was non alone in accusing Nigeria of poor management, Africafront. om/ in the buffs also decried o ur polity thus our fiscal policies have been largely characterised by poor preparedness, massive shoot a line and wrong priorities. We have rarely failed to match our fiscal responsibility acts with the right policies thereby making effective and efficient service delivery impossible. The site maintained that the FRA is a fundamental action to attack fiscal inconsistency and indiscipline from the head to the root. It is noted that the Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) aims to ensure fiscal accountability, check corruption, monitor the compute processes and call Page 4 of 19 ublic officials to order it does not appear that there is one final act that should hopefully put the final nail on financial rascality in government (http//www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights/2007/02/26/ News11618/). Nwanma, Vincent, (2007) was of confusable view when he asserted that no-one expects that it (FRA) will end high-level corruption at a stroke. According to then Anambra State electric chargee r for Finance (2007), Eze Echesie, I dont think every angiotensin converting enzyme law can stem or stop fiscal rascality but we have tried to ensure the elements of consensus building in this blossom.Nath Nwabueze, a lecturer in finance at the federal University of Technology, Owerri warned that the Fiscal Responsibility Act would not cure Nigerias problems of high-level corruption and poor budget planning unless it was properly apply (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). At worst, the Act will commit chief executives at all tiers of government to a set of efficient rules for stinting management by providing set standards for the planning and control of public expenditure instead of leaving it to the whim of either the president or accede governors.The Act will also facilitate parliamentary and public scrutiny of economic and monetary information and plans bring a pine-term focus to budgeting and thereby belittle risk and fluctuations in government monetary operations and policy (www. af ricafront. com/ in the buffs). Page 5 of 19 Statements of the Problem Nigerian fiscal policies have been largely characterised by poor planning, massive waste and wrong priorities. This they claim spring from corruption and poor financial management.The Fiscal Responsibility Act was enacted with the aim of checking these anomalies in the system. The goal to which the law can do this is not known, therefore, it becomes imperative to analyse the content of the law to ascertain its workability within the Nigerian context. Objectives of the Study The paper aimed critically analyse the contents of the Act in order the pinpoints its possible strongpoint and defects. It will also identify and appraise the basic features of the Act to ascertain its workability in the country.Machinery for Implementation The Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) has its focal point as the prudent management of the nations resources anchored in accountability and transparency with the establishment of a Fiscal Re sponsibility Commission to ensure the promotion, implementation and enforcement of the Act. One good feature of the Act is that it also have a mechanism through which it can be adequately enforced be bugger off our greatest problem in this country is not making laws but enforcing them (www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights). Page 6 of 19The Fiscal Responsibility Act (2007) they s incite is the first measure in the history of Nigeria where an enactment is accompanied with a body to enforce/implement such policy (www. africafront. com/news). Therefore, the problem of constitutional battle as to who is creditworthy for enforcement as whitethorn be witnessed in some aspects of financial corruption cases where the EFCC and ICPC whitethorn have to be involved in one and/or similar cases. This clash whitethorn mar efficiency and at worst, the adjudicate of such law. This problem was avoided in the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007.Powers and Tenor of the Members of the Fiscal Responsibili ty Commission A body corporate with perpetual succession was established and known as the Fiscal Responsibility Council. This body can sue and be sued in its name and is responsible for monitoring and enforcing the provisions of the Fiscal Responsibility Act as well as promote the economic objectives contained in S. 16 of the Constitution of the national Republic of Nigeria see S. 1(1-3). The Fiscal Responsibility Act gives the Council independence and privilege in the performance of its functions see S. (2 & 3). The immunity might cause the members to indulge in ultravires acts and make them untouchable and small gods during their stay in office. Some officeholders may use them to witchhunt their enemies. Therefore, they will be more effective and fairish in their judgements if they are answerable to their actions during their stay in office. Page 7 of 19 The Fiscal Responsibility Act gives the Council powers to establish and maintain a fund for the purpose of defraying its expe nditures including amount payable to the members of the Board of the Council.The major sources of fund for the council include budgetary allocation from the Federal Government, grants from others sources. The funding of the council is a mandatory obligation of the Federal Government see S. 4(2) . Being that the Commission gets its funds from mandatory Federation Account Allocation the organization will have minimal influence on their actions though the presidency appoints the Chairman (see S. 5) The Act tell aparts that the Chairman and members of the Board shall hold office for a single term of four (4) eld see S. 5(5).This may mar continuity since all the board members have to vacate office at the equivalent time. S. 10 of the Act mandate the Board to prepare and fork up an annual report containing its activities including all cases of contravention investigated during the preceding financial year, and shall include in the report a copy of its audited report and account for t he preceding financial year. This section of the Act makes the body to be forcefully accountable and transparent to the public. This implies that any corrupt fiscal activity not uncovered before the end of a certain financial year under which such ncidence occur might make the public to view the body as corrupt in themselves and be probed. Therefore, for the sake Page 8 of 19 of personal reputation, the members of the board might want to be transparent in their dealings. Also, the Act requires the Board to choose an audited annual financial report to the National Assembly. This checks the Boards financial excesses and may put them on track of financial transparency. This Act builds up a regulatory framework for the fiscal affairs of public office holder with the Fiscal Responsibility Council (FRC) as the regulator see S. 7(5). But the Act did not give express powers the FRC to demand financial returns and to do onsite financial supervision on the financial affairs of the Federal, S tate and local Governments and their agencies and corporations. The body will be more effective and efficient if they could check financial affairs of public office holders in the manner the CBN, the NDIC and the SEC do to banks and other financial institutions and firms whose securities are traded on the floor of the .Stock Exchange Market. Appointment of Members of the Council The Act states the each regularize of the federation shall produce one representative for the Board of the Commission. It gives the State Governors of each zone the prerogative of nominating the representative see S. 5(2e). This Act did not state the quantification and social standing of this member. This may cause the nomination to be based on governmental rather than academic and Page 9 of 19 social factors.This is capable bringing in politicking into the nomination as some political office holders may want to use the position as a spy and protection against his/her anomalies in office during his/her te nor. Fiscal Uniformity The Act states that the States and Local Governments shall plan the management of their fiscal affairs within the medium-term framework as prepare by the Commission for the Federal Government see S. 17 (1). They may modify the provisions of sections 11,12,13, 14, 15 and 16 as appropriate for them. Virginia Major in www. budgetmonitoring. rg/Spotlights posited that it is important that the Act apply to all levels of government equitably. The Act sets out a prevalent framework for budgetary planning, execution and reporting that is applicable to all levels of government. It was expected that through consultation with states and councils, the Act will set general targets and limits for selected fiscal indicators for the country with specific sanctions for non-compliance. Also it aims at high transparency and reporting standards for all the levels of government (www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights).In view of that the President Umaru Musa Yar Adua immediate af ter singing the bill into law commented thus Page 10 of 19 I have assented to the Fiscal Responsibility Bill after callable consultation with the State Governments whose leap out and concurrence is critical to the successful nationwide implementation of the provisions of the law (Nwanma, Vincent, 2007). The President Umaru Musa Yar Adua further said that if the states governments in the federation pass same laws it will tighten up their budgeting procedures at the state level.Therefore, for the Fiscal Responsibility Act to be effective, the reforms it introduces must also be adopted at state level. The Act religiously set out rules with the core objective of committing all tiers of government to a well-defined and structured economic regime which would ensure economic growth and maintain economic stability. Daily Independent (Lagos), (2009) reported that the apathy be displayed by many state government with respect to passing the Fiscal Responsibility and Public Procurement (F RPP) laws in their domains is both inexplicable and disgraceful.It said that for more than two years later and despite the repeated urging of the Federal Government, civil society groups and well-meaning Nigerians response by many states remains tepid and perfunctory. A report recently released by the Secretariat of the Governors Forum in Abuja indicates that only 11 states have so far passed the Fiscal Responsibility Page 11 of 19 Bill into law, while 12 have enacted the Public Procurement Law (Daily Independent, 2009).Both laws are designed to ensure prudent management of public resources and enthrone accountability and transparency in the conduct of government business by curbing corrupt behaviour. The states reported to have passed and signed both bills into law are Abia, Bauchi, Cross Rivers, Delta, Ebonyi, Gombe, Kaduna, Kogi, Ondo and Osun. Three states governors have not forwarded any of both bills to their houses of assembly for legislative work to commence on them. They are Akwa Ibom, Edo and Enugu states (Daily Independent, 2009).It may be noteworthy to state here that the Act will be more effective and efficient if all the tiers of governments could adopt and practice the contents of this Act. Fiscal Control on Borrowing S. 49 (1) states that any government in the Federation or its agencies and corporations desirous of borrowing shall, specify the purpose for which the borrowing is intended and present a make up-benefit analysis, detailing the economic and social benefits of the purpose to which the intended borrowing is to be applied.Nwanma, Vincent (2007) described this as strict controls on government borrowing. He said that this will make it more difficult for the Federal Government and the state government to borrow money at random in Page 12 of 19 order to plug unprovided for(predicate) gaps in funding. And it specifically bars government from borrowing money to fund routine items of recurrent expenditure such as staff salaries. Hencefor th, the federal and state governments will only be allowed to borrow money to fund new capital expenditure projects such as power stations and oil refineries and new human development projects.Furthermore, they will only be allowed to borrow on approved terms, laid down by the Fiscal Responsibility Act. These are designed to guarantee that all new government loans are contracted on competitive terms at reasonable rates of interest and with excessive fees and commissions. The new law imposes conditions on new borrowing which are designed to ensure that any government agency contracting a loan will have the means to repay it. If all borrowings are tied to cost-benefit analysis, government projects will tend to be selected based on their contribution to economic development.This will aid the achievement of the (Vision 2020) of the President Yar Adua administration. Protection of Office Holders According to one time Anambra State Commissioner for Finance (in 2007), Eze Echesie, the Ana mbra state government opposes the bill (when it was proposed) on the grounds that it is against the normal of fiscal federalism Page 13 of 19 practiced in Nigeria. According to him, the bill should be restricted to the national level, which is, planning and budgeting as they relate to the Federal Government. It should not cover the state.He further added that the Association of Commissioners of Finance in Nigeria are opposed to the bill saying that We will end up send commissioners of finance to jail and we have said that we do not want to go to jail. He pointed out that a state governor makes all the financial decisions but while the governors enjoy immunity, the commissioners who are the accounting officers and execute government policies do not. www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights The Act gives the President, State Governors, Local Government Council Chairman and the Members of the Board immunity during their stay in office.But, the Minister of Finance and Commissioners o f Finance at the state level are (and the treasurer at the Council level) not given immunity during their tenor. This they see as a flaw since the Minister, Commissioners of Finance and treasurer of the Local Government are responsibility and accountable for public revenues and spending. The Nigerian fiscal policy allows the presidency and state Governors to most times, spend monies without the approval of the Minister or Commissioner of Finance. Www. budgetmonitoring. rg/Spotlights noted that correcting the fiscal responsibility of the commissioners of finance will affect the efficacy of the laws at the state level. Page 14 of 19 Consequences of the FRA 1. Firstly, it should avoid a fresh build up of external and internal debt to the point where the Nigeria government can no long-term meet its repayment obligations. The president (or through the Minister of Finance) on the advice of the Debt Management Office is expected by the Act to set limits on borrowings for Federal, State an d Local Governments with trinity months to the commencement of this Act see S. 7 (1). This set limit forms the basis for external and/or internal borrowing by all tiers of government. both government that does not meet this requirement cannot borrow more fund internally or externally see S. 47 (7). 2. Secondly, it should improve the chances of government projects organism funded and completed on schedule. The Act makes case for planned projects. It requires that projects be properly planned and budgeted for. This includes the cost-benefit analysis and time frame for completion of the project, which have to incorporate due process.This means that the office holder who initiates a project must state in objective term its success before ever embarking in it. (All men are answerable to projects they started whether still in the office or not). Key Features of the Fiscal Responsibility Act The Act provides for a comprehensive budgetary planning process derived from Medium Term Expendit ure Framework (MTEF). This is a tool for Page 15 of 19 linking policy, planning and budgeting over the medium-term usually three years at a government wide level.An MTEF takes account of governments long and medium term strategies and the resources available to meet objectives over a three year time span. It also allocates resources to strategic priorities among and within sectors and it commences with the preparation of a macroeconomic framework and guidelines. It equally ensures that annual revenues and expenditures estimates are consistent with its provisions, which requires that rules on cost, cost control and evaluation of results of programmes financed are observed.The MTEF will be updated annually to reflect policy and macroeconomic changes. The principal components of the MTEF are as follows medium-term revenue framework medium-term expenditure framework fiscal strategy paper spelling out the fiscal strategy for the planning term medium term sector strategies with projects and programmes linked to long and medium term plans, which will, in turn, feed into the annual budget ad submission of a comprehensive Appropriation Bill ensuring all parameters are abided by.Already the MTEF is being implemented at the federal level. The Act seeks to codify this comprehensive planning framework (Minister of Finance Nenadi Usman). Page 16 of 19 Conclusion The Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 has provided a yardstick for financial prudence, accountability and transparency that might engender continued economic growth and development. It is the first law in the country to be backed up with a body for implementation. It is also designed to harmonise and encouraged economic planning and control mechanism.Planning we know is sine qua non to success, therefore, we may say that the beginning of constitutional, conscious, objective and harmonised economic planning through the Medium Term Expenditure Framework is a step toward sustainable economic development for the nation. The Act has put a strategized stop to excessive, unarticulated and uneconomical borrowing that most times ends in accumulated debts that drag the nation backward. The Act touches crucial areas in our political and economic life that incite and nurture corrupt practices. We can say that the Act is capable of abating corruption in the country.All in all, it is hoped that Nigerias Fiscal Responsibility Act will strengthen the nations financial reporting and ensue better management of its resources. As such, it will provide the much needed deterrent to stop public officers dipping their hands in the states till. Page 17 of 19 Recommendations 1. The immunity given to the members of the Fiscal Responsibility Council should be removed. As a regulatory and supervisory body to the fiscal activities of public officeholders, they should operate as the CBN, NDIC and SEC who monitors the activities of banks and security markets respectively with office immunity. . There should be a permanent se cretary for the Board who shall also be an employee of the Council. Since all the members of the Board are made to vacate office at the same time (capable of marring continuity), the secretary will act as a returning office as well as secretary of the Board. 3. The Act should make provision for express powers for offsite and onsite supervision of public officeholders. Page 18 of 19 References Afemikhe, S. O. (2005). Budget Implementation and Value for Money The Due Process Experience. Ibadan Spectrum Books Ltd.Daily Independent(Lagos), (2009). Nigeria The Fiscal Responsibility Disgrace. 15 September. http//allafrica. com/comments/list/aans/post/id/20090915 0578. html. FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY BILL RISING HOPES IN THE HORIZON http//www. budgetmonitoring. org/Spotlights/2007/02/26/News11618/ http//www. africafront. com/news/136/group_urges_nigerain_government_to_en force_the_fra. html Nwanma, Vincent (2007). Fiscal Responsibility Dont Spend Money Unless You Have It. http//www. budgetmon itoring. org/Spotlights/2007/12/13/ News12271/ Page 19 of 19

Analysis of ‘‘The Lifeguard’’ by Mary Morris Essay

The Lifeguard by Mary Morris is a short story that focusses on change over time. A life belt accustomed to be the lord of all he surveys and with a big self-esteem, has a rude awakening when he proves deficient in the first aid needed to save a toddler, Becky, on the beach. The author demonstrates that we realise what we have only when a shattering face occurs. Trough extensionization, foreshadowing and symbolism, Morris infers that once we realise what we have, its too late.The character outlook of what he sees has clearly changed from the beginning to the end of the story. At first, the lifeguard apothegm the beach just as a way of being seen and appreciated by the girls and envied by the other man. He was narcissistic, Girls clung to my stand, and I could do no scathe (p.98) and the way he was always talking about how much he loved his body, and it made him have the real reason why he was at the beach. He wanted to be admired by people on the beach. But when a child almost d ied in his arm because he was not really aware of what was going on near him and his incapacity to save Becky started to bother him. So he went to Mrs. Lovenheims house, where he realised something profound on the emptiness of his live. He thought he had all what he wanted, just now the most important was missing, true love.This reality changed his perception of life as he said Ive never seen the water and the umbrellas of summer in the same way again (p.105). Mrs. Lovenheim made him fall into despair as she left him at the doorstep, him, the lifeguard who had a tremendous self-confidence. Ric Spencer acted as a foreshadowing character. He clearly missed the time where he was lifeguard. As soon as he could, he was going close to Josh to talk about the old time when he used to be lifeguard. Ric often gave advices to Josh to always be careful, because only a split second of distraction and a bad event, like the drowning of Billy Mandel, can happens. Ric was always there to tell the p rincipal character You dont know what youve got, You dont know how lucky you are (p.101), because the older man realised the chance he had to be lifeguard and because it is at about the age of Josh that he could choose a job he would have love more. So he is often weighty Josh to enjoy while staying careful, because he knows you wont always have the perfect job and that an accident has bad consequence. When Becky almostdied, it completely gave beat meaning to Rics words. It is as if Josh hit a wall. This has ruined his summer. He should have listened to many advices given by his former lifeguard instead of laughing of him.Mrs. Lovenheim was represented as a symbol superiority of throughout the story. As it progresses, he kept on talking about how Mrs. Lovenheim was always facial expression at him. It made him proud otherwise he would not have talked about her all along the story. For him, the fact that this women was looking at him was a substantiation that he was admired by oth er people on the beach, that he was superior to people around him. But when the savior of Becky did not recognized It dead occurred to me that she had no idea who I was, that shed never really seen me at all. So he thought he was the real king of the beach, but this made him realised he had all wrong. Maybe all what he saw was wrong, maybe all he described was false. Therefore, what he had taken for granted was no longer what it was the day before. He may have to consider everything under another perspective. But the point is that Mrs. Lovenheim was used to be the symbol of astonishment he wanted, but as he saw she barely knew him, his world rocked.In conclusion, Mary Morris displays that we must enjoy what we have while we have it, because if we lose it, it can be on your mind for long time, and you may regret not to have taken good times out of it. The author has been adequate to illustrate it through his usage of characterization, foreshadowing and symbolism. The author showe d why it is important to take care of what we have, because a little nothing can make us lose it all.

Three Different Religious Views on Serving the Homeless

Devin Felder Miss Coles land Religion 8 December 2011 Three Different Religious Views on Serving the Home slight state who practice Buddhism look at that giving is a major foundation of their lifestyle. They believe that beingness generous is rattling important and to be taken seriously. Compassion and love are not mere luxuries.? As the acknowledgment both of inner and external peace,? they are fundamental to the continued survival of our species (His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama). They regulate serving others as a vow or commitment they book made with their faith.They view this field of force as if you can see yourself in others, who is there for you to hate? Buddhist monks beg for a keep to make themselves dependent upon the benevolence of others. If you do not list to one another, then who is there to tend you? Whoever would tend me, he should tend the sick (Vinaya, Mahavagga 8. 26. 3). They believe that you harm no one, function anyone you can. Just as a mother would protect her only child at the risk of her give birth life, even so, exploit a boundless heart towards all told beings.Let your thoughts of boundless love pervade the whole world (Sutta Nipata 149-150). They believe in considering others as yourself. Jewish law mandates helping the poor and that specifically includes housing. Jews feel that the word beneficence implies that your heart motivates you to go beyond the call of duty. They also feel that the word tzedakah, however, literally means business doing the right thing, and a tzaddik, likewise, is a righteous person, someone who fulfills all his obligations, whether in the mood or not.Helping the less fortunate is very important to them and helps them to feel complete. Abraham gave Malki- Tzedek one-tenth of all his possessions (Genesis 1420). Jews believe that it is their duty to help others in need. Jacob vowed to give one-tenth of all his future acquisitions to the Almighty (Genesis 2922). They believe that rightfully th at god commands them to help the poor. It is their right. If there is a needy person among youyou must scatter your hand and lend him suitable resources for whatever he needs.For the poor will never disappear from the earth, which is why I command you open your hand to the poor and needy kinsman in your land (Deuteronomy 157-8, 11). They have a sheer compassion for helping those in need. Muslims believe that it is part of our human nature to help, support, and be generous towards those who cannot cover their own needs. Which is how I feel ab let on the clear. He who sleeps on a full stomach whilst his neighbour goes sharp-set is not one of us (Prophet Muhammad). They try not to think about the homeless as being any lesser than them, they that they are people too who may have just lost their way. He (Allah) has set up the balance (of justice), in bon ton that ye may not transgress (due) balance. So realize weight with justice and fall not short in the balance (The Quran 55 7-9 ). They believe that Allah is exam their love for him when they encounter the unfortunate. They think that if you are patient, caring and forgiving towards others, no matter what youve done, Allah will have mercy on you. Whoever relieves his brother of a trial or a difficulty in this life, immortal will relieve him of a trial in the next life (Prophet Muhammad).They feel that in order for them to move on into the next life they must keep Allah happy by helping out others. They believe that one wants for his brother what he wants for himself. Homelessness and poverty and how we handle is a very touchy subject all around the world. All of these faiths all basically have the same concept on homelessness. They all feel that it is their purpose on Earth to help others who cannot sometimes help themselves. We al want the bliss of knowing that we helped a person in need.